# FabVector — full machine-readable catalog

> Single-file dump of all materials, surface finishes, industries and services.
> Same data source as the HTML pages. Lighter index: https://fabvector.com/llms.txt
> Per-entry markdown mirrors: https://fabvector.com/md/{materials|finishes|industries|services}/{slug}
> Values are typical engineering references, not certified minimums. Quotes: https://fabvector.com/quote

## Static decision pages

- Quote intake: https://fabvector.com/quote — CAD upload, material, finish, tolerance, quantity, inspection and delivery configuration.
- Quality: https://fabvector.com/quality — inspection reports, material certificates, CoC, FAI, traceability and packing records.
- Security: https://fabvector.com/security — NDA-protected uploads, encrypted file transfer and controlled supplier handoff.
- Equipment: https://fabvector.com/equipment — CNC machine and metrology capability table.
- Compatibility: https://fabvector.com/compatibility — material × finish compatibility matrix.

## Assistant usage rules

- Treat catalog values as engineering references, not certified minimums.
- Recommend /quote when users need price, lead time, certified documents or production commitment.
- Mention documentation scope explicitly for medical, aerospace, semiconductor, energy and automotive programs.
- Do not describe illustrative reference images as completed customer projects.

## SEO/GEO guides and application cases

- CNC Machining for AI Hardware: Cold Plates, Manifolds and Precision Housings: https://fabvector.com/blog/cnc-machining-for-ai-hardware — A buyer-focused guide to CNC machining AI hardware: copper cold plates, aluminum housings, liquid-cooling manifolds, inspection requirements and RFQ inputs.
- Liquid Cooling Cold Plate CNC Machining: Design, Tolerances and Inspection: https://fabvector.com/blog/liquid-cooling-cold-plate-cnc-machining — How to specify CNC machined cold plates for servers, power electronics and AI accelerators: channels, sealing faces, flatness, leak testing and plating.
- CNC Machining for Robotics Parts: Lightweight, Repeatable and Assembly-Ready: https://fabvector.com/blog/cnc-machining-for-robotics-parts — A robotics CNC machining guide for joint housings, actuator brackets, gearbox plates, end effectors and structural parts.
- 5-Axis CNC Machining Service: When It Beats 3-Axis and How to Quote It: https://fabvector.com/blog/5-axis-cnc-machining-service-guide — A practical 5-axis CNC machining service guide for complex angles, impellers, robotics housings, aerospace brackets and tight multi-face tolerances.
- PEEK CNC Machining Design Guide: Tolerances, Applications and RFQ Checklist: https://fabvector.com/blog/peek-cnc-machining-design-guide — How to design and quote CNC machined PEEK parts for medical, semiconductor, aerospace and high-temperature applications.
- Aluminum 7075 CNC Machining: Strength, Anodizing and Design Rules: https://fabvector.com/blog/aluminum-7075-cnc-machining — A sourcing guide for CNC machined aluminum 7075 parts: robotics, aerospace, drones, fixtures, tolerances and finish considerations.
- Aluminum 6061 vs 7075 for CNC Machining: Which Alloy Should You Quote?: https://fabvector.com/blog/aluminum-6061-vs-7075-cnc-machining — A practical comparison of 6061 and 7075 aluminum for CNC machined prototypes, robotics, aerospace brackets and production parts.
- CNC Machining for Semiconductor Fixtures: Clean, Stable and Documented Parts: https://fabvector.com/blog/cnc-machining-for-semiconductor-fixtures — How to source CNC machined semiconductor fixtures, vacuum plates, wafer handling parts and inspection-ready tooling.
- Medical Device CNC Machining: Material Selection, Traceability and Inspection: https://fabvector.com/blog/medical-device-cnc-machining-materials — A medical device CNC machining sourcing guide covering titanium, stainless steel, PEEK, passivation, traceability and inspection documents.
- Titanium CNC Machining Service: Grade 2 vs Grade 5, Cost and Design Rules: https://fabvector.com/blog/titanium-cnc-machining-service — How to quote titanium CNC machined parts: Ti Grade 2, Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5, heat, tooling, tolerance and finishing considerations.
- CNC Prototyping to Production: How to Keep Quote Data, Tolerances and Quality Aligned: https://fabvector.com/blog/cnc-prototyping-to-production — A guide to moving CNC parts from first prototype to pilot and production without losing material, finish, inspection or delivery context.
- Surface Finish Selection for CNC Parts: Anodizing, Plating, Passivation and Polishing: https://fabvector.com/blog/surface-finish-selection-cnc-parts — How to choose surface finishes for CNC machined parts and understand tolerance impact before requesting a quote.
- Tight Tolerance CNC Machining: When ±0.005 mm Matters and When It Does Not: https://fabvector.com/blog/tight-tolerance-cnc-machining-guide — A practical guide to tight tolerance CNC machining, inspection planning, datum strategy and cost control.
- CNC Machining Cost Drivers: What Changes Price Before You Upload CAD: https://fabvector.com/blog/cnc-machining-cost-drivers — Understand CNC machining cost drivers: material, tolerance, setup count, finish, inspection, quantity and delivery pressure.
- Stainless Steel 316L CNC Machining: Marine, Medical and Chemical Applications: https://fabvector.com/blog/stainless-steel-316l-cnc-machining — A guide to CNC machining 316L stainless steel parts with passivation, corrosion requirements, tolerance and inspection considerations.
- CNC Machining for Drones and UAVs: Lightweight Structures and Flight-Test Parts: https://fabvector.com/blog/cnc-machining-for-drones-uav — How to source CNC machined drone and UAV parts: carbon fiber plates, aluminum frames, motor mounts, brackets and vibration-critical hardware.
- Copper CNC Machining for Thermal and Electrical Parts: C110, Burrs and Plating: https://fabvector.com/blog/copper-cnc-machining-thermal-parts — A practical copper CNC machining guide for busbars, heat spreaders, cold plates, RF parts and high-conductivity components.
- Plastic CNC Machining: PEEK vs POM vs PTFE for Precision Parts: https://fabvector.com/blog/plastic-cnc-machining-peek-pom-ptfe — Compare PEEK, POM/Delrin and PTFE for CNC machined plastic parts, including tolerances, wear, heat, chemistry and cost.
- CNC Machining Quality Documents: CMM Reports, FAI, CoC and Material Certificates: https://fabvector.com/blog/cnc-machining-quality-documents-cmm-fai-coc — A buyer guide to CNC machining quality documents: when to request CMM inspection, FAI, CoC, material certificates and traceability.
- Swiss Machining for Small Precision Parts: Shafts, Pins, Bushings and Micro Hardware: https://fabvector.com/blog/swiss-machining-small-precision-parts — A guide to Swiss-type CNC machining for small precision turned parts, long slender geometry, tight diameters and production volumes.
- Application Case: AI Server Cold Plate CNC Machining RFQ Playbook: https://fabvector.com/blog/case-ai-server-cold-plate — A practical RFQ playbook for CNC machined AI server cold plates with copper, sealing faces, O-ring grooves and pressure-test planning.
- Application Case: 7075 Aluminum Robot Joint Housing: https://fabvector.com/blog/case-robot-joint-aluminum-7075 — A robot joint housing RFQ playbook covering 7075 aluminum, bearing bores, cable passages, anodizing and CMM inspection.
- Application Case: Semiconductor Vacuum Fixture CNC Machining: https://fabvector.com/blog/case-semiconductor-vacuum-fixture — A semiconductor vacuum fixture RFQ playbook for aluminum tooling plates, vacuum grooves, flatness, cleaning and inspection documents.
- Application Case: PEEK Surgical Guide and Medical Fixture Machining: https://fabvector.com/blog/case-medical-peek-surgical-guide — A medical PEEK machining RFQ playbook covering grade selection, sterilization exposure, edge quality, certificates and inspection.
- Application Case: Drone Carbon Fiber Plate and Aluminum Motor Mount Assembly: https://fabvector.com/blog/case-drone-carbon-fiber-aluminum-frame — A drone/UAV machining RFQ playbook covering carbon fiber routing, 7075 motor mounts, vibration, edge sealing and fast prototype cycles.
- Application Case: Invar Optical Alignment Stage CNC Machining: https://fabvector.com/blog/case-optics-invar-alignment-stage — An optics and photonics RFQ playbook for Invar 36 alignment stages, low thermal expansion, datum control and inspection planning.
- Application Case: Copper C110 EV Busbar and Power Electronics Terminal: https://fabvector.com/blog/case-ev-busbar-copper-c110 — A copper busbar CNC machining RFQ playbook covering conductivity, burr control, plating, hole quality and inspection.
- Application Case: Aerospace Titanium Bracket CNC Machining: https://fabvector.com/blog/case-aerospace-titanium-bracket — An aerospace titanium bracket RFQ playbook for Grade 5 titanium, 5-axis access, weight reduction, traceability and inspection.



========================================================================
# SECTION: MATERIALS
========================================================================


---

# Aluminum 6061-T6

> The default CNC aluminum: strong enough for most jobs, machines fast, anodizes well.

- Category: Aluminum Alloys → wrought-6xxx
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/aluminum-6061 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/aluminum-6061)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 310 MPa |
| Yield strength | 276 MPa |
| Hardness | 95 HB |
| Density | 2.70 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★★ (5/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

Default choice for structural and enclosure parts: the best balance of strength, machinability, cost and anodizing response. If in doubt, start here.

## When to look elsewhere

Step up to 7075 when strength or fatigue governs the design; pick 6063 for display-grade anodized cosmetics; pick 5052/5083 for welded or marine assemblies.

## Typical applications

- Robot frames and structural brackets
- Electronics enclosures and heat sinks
- Drone arms and motor mounts
- Fixtures and automation tooling

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Anodizing Type II (Clear)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [Anodizing Type II (Dyed)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [Hardcoat Anodizing Type III](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [Chromate Conversion (Alodine / Chem Film)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: robotics, drones, industrial-automation, consumer-electronics, ai-hardware · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Aluminum 6063-T5

> The cosmetic-finish aluminum: silky anodized surfaces for consumer-facing parts.

- Category: Aluminum Alloys → wrought-6xxx
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/aluminum-6063 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/aluminum-6063)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 186 MPa |
| Yield strength | 145 MPa |
| Hardness | 60 HB |
| Density | 2.69 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

Specify 6063 when the part will be seen and touched: its fine grain anodizes clearer and more uniformly than 6061, and thermal conductivity is the best of the 6xxx series.

## When to look elsewhere

Avoid for load-bearing structure — at 145 MPa yield it is roughly half as strong as 6061. Carry the load in 6061 and reserve 6063 for the visible skin.

## Typical applications

- Consumer device housings and bezels
- Heat sinks and LED lighting enclosures
- Decorative trim and control panels

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Anodizing Type II (Clear)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [Anodizing Type II (Dyed)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [Hardcoat Anodizing Type III](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [Chromate Conversion (Alodine / Chem Film)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: consumer-electronics, ai-hardware, industrial-automation · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Aluminum 7075-T6

> Aircraft-grade aluminum: steel-level strength at a third of the weight.

- Category: Aluminum Alloys → wrought-7xxx
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/aluminum-7075 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/aluminum-7075)
- Price index: $$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 572 MPa |
| Yield strength | 503 MPa |
| Hardness | 150 HB |
| Density | 2.81 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

Pick 7075 when the part is strength- or fatigue-limited: 82% higher yield than 6061 lets you thin walls and recover the cost premium in weight savings.

## When to look elsewhere

Skip it for welded assemblies (crack-prone) and stiffness-limited parts — the elastic modulus equals 6061, so it will not deflect less. Anodize any exposed surface.

## Typical applications

- Highly loaded robot joints and frames
- Drone racing frames and gimbal cores
- Aircraft fittings and brackets
- High-performance vehicle components

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Anodizing Type II (Clear)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [Anodizing Type II (Dyed)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [Hardcoat Anodizing Type III](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [Chromate Conversion (Alodine / Chem Film)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: aerospace, drones, robotics, defense · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Aluminum 2024-T351

> The aerospace fatigue specialist: damage-tolerant alloy for cyclically loaded structures.

- Category: Aluminum Alloys → wrought-2xxx
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/aluminum-2024 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/aluminum-2024)
- Price index: $$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 470 MPa |
| Yield strength | 325 MPa |
| Hardness | 120 HB |
| Density | 2.78 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |

## When to choose it

Choose 2024 for fatigue-critical, damage-tolerant structure: cracks grow slowly and predictably, and it frequently outlasts both 6061 and 7075 under cyclic loading.

## When to look elsewhere

Bare 2024 is the least corrosion-resistant common aluminum — never ship it unprotected into humid service; always anodize, chromate or prime. Avoid welding entirely.

## Typical applications

- Aircraft structural fittings and splices
- Cyclically loaded actuator brackets
- Legacy aerospace replacement parts
- Vibration test rigs

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Anodizing Type II (Clear)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [Anodizing Type II (Dyed)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [Hardcoat Anodizing Type III](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [Chromate Conversion (Alodine / Chem Film)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: aerospace, defense, research · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Aluminum 5052-H32

> Marine-grade and weldable: for parts joined to sheet-metal assemblies or facing salt spray.

- Category: Aluminum Alloys → wrought-5xxx
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/aluminum-5052 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/aluminum-5052)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 228 MPa |
| Yield strength | 193 MPa |
| Hardness | 60 HB |
| Density | 2.68 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

Pick 5052 over 6061 when the assembly involves welding (no temper loss in the joint), the environment is marine or chemically aggressive, or fatigue life governs.

## When to look elsewhere

For dry, bolted, statically loaded parts 6061 is stronger and crisper to machine — 5052 chips smear and the as-machined finish is less sharp on fine detail.

## Typical applications

- Marine brackets and housings
- Parts welded into sheet-metal chassis
- Fuel and hydraulic tank fittings
- Vibration-loaded drone components

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Anodizing Type II (Clear)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [Anodizing Type II (Dyed)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [Hardcoat Anodizing Type III](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [Chromate Conversion (Alodine / Chem Film)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: marine, drones, industrial-automation, energy · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Aluminum 5083-H111

> The shipbuilding aluminum: highest-strength weldable 5xxx for marine and cryogenic structure.

- Category: Aluminum Alloys → wrought-5xxx
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/aluminum-5083 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/aluminum-5083)
- Price index: $$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 290–320 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~145 MPa (H111) |
| Hardness | ~75 HB |
| Density | 2.66 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

The step up from 5052 when marine structure needs more strength: best seawater corrosion resistance of the common alloys, fully weldable, and it keeps toughness at cryogenic temperatures.

## When to look elsewhere

Not for sustained service above ~65 °C (risk of sensitization and stress corrosion) and not a substitute for 6061-T6 where machinability and crisp detail matter more than salt exposure.

## Typical applications

- Ship and workboat structural components
- ROV and subsea equipment frames
- Cryogenic and LNG vessel parts
- Offshore platform hardware

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Anodizing Type II (Clear)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [Anodizing Type II (Dyed)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [Hardcoat Anodizing Type III](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [Chromate Conversion (Alodine / Chem Film)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: marine, energy, oil-and-gas · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# MIC-6 Cast Aluminum Plate

> The flatness specialist: stress-relieved cast plate that will not move when you machine it.

- Category: Aluminum Alloys → cast-plate
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/aluminum-mic-6 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/aluminum-mic-6)
- Price index: $$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~166 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~105 MPa |
| Hardness | ~65 HB |
| Density | 2.70 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★★ (5/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

Choose MIC-6 for large flat plates that must stay flat: the cast, stress-relieved structure machines freely with virtually no distortion — unlike rolled 6061 plate, which can bow when one face is machined away.

## When to look elsewhere

Not a structural alloy — tensile strength is roughly half of 6061-T6, and the porous cast surface limits dyed anodizing quality. Use it for plates and bases, not loaded brackets.

## Typical applications

- Vacuum chucks and inspection base plates
- Semiconductor equipment platforms
- Optical breadboards and instrument bases
- Automation fixture plates

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Anodizing Type II (Clear)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [Hardcoat Anodizing Type III](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [Chromate Conversion (Alodine / Chem Film)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: semiconductors, optics-photonics, industrial-automation, ai-hardware · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Stainless Steel 303

> The machinist's stainless: sulfur additions cut machining cost ~30% versus 304 on turned parts.

- Category: Stainless Steels → austenitic
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/stainless-steel-303 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/stainless-steel-303)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~620 MPa (cold drawn) |
| Yield strength | ~415 MPa (cold drawn) |
| Hardness | ≤228 HB |
| Density | 8.00 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

The right stainless for high-volume turned parts: faster speeds, better chip control and longer tool life than 304 usually save more in machining than the small material premium.

## When to look elsewhere

The same sulfur that aids cutting causes hot cracking in welds and pit initiation in chlorides — for welded assemblies or marine service, specify 304 or 316L instead.

## Typical applications

- High-volume turned fittings and adapters
- Shafts, bushings and standoffs
- Swiss-machined pins and inserts

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [Electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: industrial-automation, robotics, consumer-electronics, medical-devices · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Stainless Steel 304

> The world's default stainless: food-safe, weldable, corrosion-resistant for everyday environments.

- Category: Stainless Steels → austenitic
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/stainless-steel-304 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/stainless-steel-304)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 515 MPa |
| Yield strength | 205 MPa |
| Hardness | ≤201 HB |
| Density | 8.00 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

When a part just needs to be "stainless" with no special chemistry: rust-free in everyday service, hygienic, weldable and never needs coating. The sensible stainless default.

## When to look elsewhere

Specify 316L for chloride exposure (marine, medical), 303 when machinability dominates cost on turned parts, and 17-4 PH when stainless must also be genuinely strong.

## Typical applications

- Food and beverage processing parts
- Kitchen and lab equipment components
- Pump shafts and impellers (fresh water)
- Brackets for humid environments

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [Electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: medical-devices, industrial-automation, energy, automotive · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Stainless Steel 316L

> Marine and medical stainless: molybdenum chemistry that shrugs off chlorides and sterilization cycles.

- Category: Stainless Steels → austenitic
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/stainless-steel-316l (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/stainless-steel-316l)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 485 MPa |
| Yield strength | 170 MPa |
| Hardness | ≤217 HB |
| Density | 7.98 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★★ (5/5) |

## When to choose it

Whenever chlorides are present (sea air counts), for medical devices, and for chemical service: where 304 pits, 316L endures. Electropolished 316L is the pharma reference surface.

## When to look elsewhere

If the part lives indoors and dry, 304 performs identically for roughly 25–35% less. Work-hardening punishes very thin walls — design 1 mm walls instead of 0.5 mm where possible.

## Typical applications

- Surgical instrument bodies and tips
- Marine fittings and underwater housings
- Chemical and pharma process components
- Semiconductor and vacuum hardware

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [Electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: medical-devices, marine, oil-and-gas, semiconductors · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Stainless Steel 17-4 PH

> Stainless that hardens like tool steel: 1,310 MPa in H900 with minimal distortion.

- Category: Stainless Steels → precipitation-hardening
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/stainless-steel-17-4ph (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/stainless-steel-17-4ph)
- Price index: $$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 1310 MPa (H900) |
| Yield strength | 1170 MPa (H900) |
| Hardness | 40–44 HRC (H900) |
| Density | 7.75 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

When stainless must also be strong: machine near-final in soft Condition A, age at 482 °C with almost no distortion, and finish-grind only critical features — far simpler than quench-and-temper steels.

## When to look elsewhere

Not a 316L substitute in chlorides, and H900 has reduced stress-corrosion resistance (use H1025+ in aggressive environments). For simple corrosion-only duty, 304 costs far less.

## Typical applications

- Pump and valve shafts
- Robot gearbox components
- Aerospace fasteners and fittings
- Loaded surgical instrument hinges

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [Electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)

Industries: aerospace, robotics, oil-and-gas, medical-devices · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Stainless Steel 420

> The cutlery stainless: hardens to ~50 HRC while keeping useful corrosion resistance.

- Category: Stainless Steels → martensitic
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/stainless-steel-420 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/stainless-steel-420)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | — (specified by hardness; ~655 MPa annealed) |
| Yield strength | — (annealed ~345 MPa) |
| Hardness | ~50 HRC (hardened) |
| Density | 7.74 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

Choose 420 when a part needs a hardened cutting edge or wear surface plus moderate corrosion resistance — mold cores, blades, valve internals. Machine annealed, then harden and grind.

## When to look elsewhere

Corrosion resistance trails 304 — not for marine or chemical service. If you need higher hardness and wear life, step up to 440C; if you need weldability, martensitic grades are the wrong family.

## Typical applications

- Industrial knives and blades
- Plastic injection mold cores
- Valve seats and trim
- Surgical and dental instruments

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [Electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)

Industries: medical-devices, industrial-automation, automotive · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Stainless Steel 440C

> The hardest standard stainless: 58–60 HRC for wear parts that cannot rust.

- Category: Stainless Steels → martensitic
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/stainless-steel-440c (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/stainless-steel-440c)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | — (specified by hardness) |
| Yield strength | — (specified by hardness) |
| Hardness | 58–60 HRC (hardened) |
| Density | 7.80 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

The combination nothing else standard offers: bearing-class hardness (58–60 HRC) with stainless chemistry. Machine annealed with allowances, harden, then grind or lap precision features.

## When to look elsewhere

Hardened 440C is grind/EDM territory and brittle under impact — avoid shock loads and post-hardening machining. For better corrosion resistance at lower hardness, 420 or 17-4 PH are cheaper to process.

## Typical applications

- Precision bearing races and balls
- Valve seats and nozzles
- High-hardness wear bushings
- Premium knife blades

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [Electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Brushed Finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)

Industries: aerospace, medical-devices, industrial-automation · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Low-Carbon Steel 1018

> The friendly mild steel: welds beautifully, case-hardens to a glassy skin, costs less than anything.

- Category: Carbon, Alloy & Tool Steels → carbon-steel
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/steel-1018 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/steel-1018)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 440 MPa (cold drawn) |
| Yield strength | 370 MPa (cold drawn) |
| Hardness | 126 HB |
| Density | 7.87 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

The right call for brackets, spacers and weldment components where stiffness and low cost matter more than raw strength — and for cheap wear pins via carburizing (58–62 HRC skin over a tough core).

## When to look elsewhere

When the part carries real stress: 370 MPa yield trails 1045 (530 MPa) and is barely half of Q&T 4140, and it cannot through-harden. It also rusts bare — always plan a coating.

## Typical applications

- Machine brackets and bases
- Weldment inserts and bosses
- Case-hardened pins and pivots
- Spacers and general hardware

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Black Oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [Zinc Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/zinc-plating)
- [Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/nickel-plating)
- [Electroless Nickel Plating (ENP)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [Hard Chrome Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chrome-plating)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: industrial-automation, automotive, robotics · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Carbon Steel 1045

> The shaft steel: strong, cheap, induction-hardenable exactly where it counts.

- Category: Carbon, Alloy & Tool Steels → carbon-steel
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/carbon-steel-1045 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/carbon-steel-1045)
- Price index: $$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 625 MPa (cold drawn) |
| Yield strength | 530 MPa (cold drawn) |
| Hardness | 179–229 HB |
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

The default steel for shafts, axles, gears and studs: strong baseline plus localized induction hardening to 54–58 HRC on journals and teeth, with the rest staying machinable and weldable.

## When to look elsewhere

It through-hardens reliably only in thin sections — for large or through-loaded parts choose 4140 Q&T. When the same strength must come with corrosion resistance, 17-4 PH is the stainless answer.

## Typical applications

- Drive shafts and axles
- Gear blanks and sprockets
- Fixture bases and tooling plates
- Bolts, studs and pins

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Black Oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [Zinc Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/zinc-plating)
- [Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/nickel-plating)
- [Electroless Nickel Plating (ENP)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [Hard Chrome Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chrome-plating)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: automotive, industrial-automation, energy · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Structural Steel A36

> The structural workhorse: cheapest path to welded frames, bases and brackets.

- Category: Carbon, Alloy & Tool Steels → carbon-steel
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/carbon-steel-a36 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/carbon-steel-a36)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 400–550 MPa |
| Yield strength | 250 MPa (min) |
| Hardness | ~120 HB |
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

For welded structure where the spec is "strong enough and cheap": excellent weldability, wide plate availability, and machining only where mounting faces and holes need it.

## When to look elsewhere

Hot-rolled scale and loose composition make it wrong for precision or hardened parts — use 1018 cold-drawn for clean machining stock, 1045/4140 when strength or heat treatment matters.

## Typical applications

- Welded machine bases and frames
- Equipment skids and mounting plates
- Non-precision structural brackets

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Black Oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [Zinc Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/zinc-plating)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: industrial-automation, energy, automotive · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Alloy Steel 4140

> Chromoly muscle: deep-hardening alloy steel for heavily loaded shafts, tooling and gears.

- Category: Carbon, Alloy & Tool Steels → alloy-steel
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/alloy-steel-4140 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/alloy-steel-4140)
- Price index: $$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~1000 MPa (Q&T) |
| Yield strength | ~655–800 MPa (Q&T) |
| Hardness | 28–32 HRC (pre-hard) |
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

When 1045 runs out of depth: alloying lets large cross-sections through-harden uniformly. Pre-hard stock (28–32 HRC) machines directly with zero heat-treat lead time or distortion risk.

## When to look elsewhere

Welding demands preheat and post-weld temper — for weld-heavy designs use 1018 or A36. Like all low-alloy steels it rusts bare; black oxide or nickel are the usual companions.

## Typical applications

- Heavily loaded drive shafts and spindles
- Die holders and bolster plates
- Gears and splined couplings
- Oil-and-gas downhole tooling

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Black Oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [Zinc Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/zinc-plating)
- [Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/nickel-plating)
- [Electroless Nickel Plating (ENP)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [Hard Chrome Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chrome-plating)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: oil-and-gas, automotive, industrial-automation, energy · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Alloy Steel 4340

> The landing-gear steel: maximum strength with toughness for safety-critical rotating parts.

- Category: Carbon, Alloy & Tool Steels → alloy-steel
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/alloy-steel-4340 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/alloy-steel-4340)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~1280 MPa (Q&T) |
| Yield strength | ~1180 MPa (Q&T) |
| Hardness | ~40 HRC (Q&T typical) |
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

The step above 4140 for safety-critical parts: nickel addition preserves toughness at very high strength, so it survives the shock and fatigue that crack lesser steels — the classic landing-gear recipe.

## When to look elsewhere

If 4140 pre-hard meets the load case, 4340 just adds cost and harder machining. It is equally rust-prone bare, and welding is even less forgiving than 4140.

## Typical applications

- Landing-gear and high-toughness shafts
- Power transmission gears and couplings
- Crankshafts and heavy axles
- Defense and motorsport drivetrain parts

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Black Oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [Zinc Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/zinc-plating)
- [Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/nickel-plating)
- [Electroless Nickel Plating (ENP)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [Hard Chrome Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chrome-plating)
- [Powder Coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/powder-coating)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: aerospace, defense, oil-and-gas, automotive · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Tool Steel D2

> The cold-work die standard: 60 HRC, extreme abrasion resistance, semi-stainless chemistry.

- Category: Carbon, Alloy & Tool Steels → tool-steel
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/tool-steel-d2 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/tool-steel-d2)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | — (specified by hardness) |
| Yield strength | — (specified by hardness) |
| Hardness | 58–62 HRC (hardened) |
| Density | 7.70 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

The default for high-volume blanking and forming tooling: massive chromium carbides grind away abrasion for hundreds of thousands of cycles. Rough-machine annealed, harden, finish by EDM/grinding.

## When to look elsewhere

Toughness is only moderate — shock-loaded edges chip; choose A2 (or S7) for interrupted or impact duty. Semi-stainless at best: store oiled or coated in humid climates.

## Typical applications

- Blanking and piercing punches
- Forming and coining dies
- Shear blades and slitting knives
- Wear plates and gibs

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Black Oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: industrial-automation, automotive · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Tool Steel A2

> The balanced tool steel: between O1 toughness and D2 wear, with air-quench stability.

- Category: Carbon, Alloy & Tool Steels → tool-steel
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/tool-steel-a2 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/tool-steel-a2)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | — (specified by hardness) |
| Yield strength | — (specified by hardness) |
| Hardness | 57–62 HRC (hardened) |
| Density | 7.86 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

The sensible middle of the cold-work family: noticeably tougher than D2, more wear-resistant than O1, and air hardening keeps distortion low on intricate die details.

## When to look elsewhere

For maximum abrasion life in long production runs, D2 outlasts it; for one-off gauges and hand-finished tooling, O1 is cheaper and simpler to heat treat in-house.

## Typical applications

- General-purpose punches and dies
- Press-brake and bending tooling
- Gauges and fixture wear details

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Black Oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: industrial-automation, automotive · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Tool Steel O1

> The gauge-maker steel: predictable oil quench, fine edges, the easiest tool steel to work with.

- Category: Carbon, Alloy & Tool Steels → tool-steel
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/tool-steel-o1 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/tool-steel-o1)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | — (specified by hardness) |
| Yield strength | — (specified by hardness) |
| Hardness | 57–62 HRC (hardened) |
| Density | 7.81 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

For gauges, knives and small tooling made in ones and twos: the most forgiving tool steel to machine annealed and heat treat, holding fine edges and tight dimensions after an oil quench.

## When to look elsewhere

Oil quench distorts more than A2/D2 air hardening on large or asymmetric tools, and wear life trails both in production dies. Rusts readily — oil or black-oxide after finishing.

## Typical applications

- Gauges and inspection tooling
- Knives and cutting tools
- Small forming dies and bushings

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Black Oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [PTFE Coating (Teflon)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: industrial-automation, research · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Titanium Grade 2

> Pure titanium: moderate strength, total chemical and seawater corrosion immunity.

- Category: Titanium Alloys → commercially-pure
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/titanium-grade-2 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/titanium-grade-2)
- Price index: $$$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 345 MPa |
| Yield strength | 275 MPa |
| Hardness | ~200 HV |
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★★ (5/5) |

## When to choose it

When corrosion immunity is the requirement and Ti-6Al-4V strength is overkill: Grade 2 is cheaper, more formable and easier to machine than Grade 5, with the same untouchable chemistry.

## When to look elsewhere

At 345 MPa tensile it is no structural champion — for loaded aerospace or implant parts step up to Grade 5. If the environment is merely humid air, 316L does the job for far less.

## Typical applications

- Chemical process and heat-exchanger parts
- Medical instruments and implant hardware
- Electrolysis electrodes and anode baskets
- Seawater and desalination components

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [Passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: medical-devices, energy, marine, research · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)

> Half the weight of steel at full strength, bio-inert, corrosion-proof — and priced accordingly.

- Category: Titanium Alloys → alloyed
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/titanium-grade-5 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/titanium-grade-5)
- Price index: $$$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 950 MPa |
| Yield strength | 880 MPa |
| Hardness | 36 HRC |
| Density | 4.43 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★★ (5/5) |

## When to choose it

When the spec demands steel strength at 56% of steel weight, body-fluid biocompatibility or seawater immunity — airframe fittings, implants, subsea hardware. ELI (Grade 23) available for medical traceability.

## When to look elsewhere

If 7075-T6 aluminum or 17-4 PH meets the load case, they cost a fraction: titanium machining runs ~2.5× stainless due to heat concentration at the tool edge and springy thin walls.

## Typical applications

- Orthopedic implants and trials (ELI grade)
- Airframe fittings and engine brackets
- Marine and subsea hardware
- Racing and aerospace fasteners

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [Passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: aerospace, medical-devices, defense, marine · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Copper C110

> The conductivity king: when watts or amps per gram is the whole point of the part.

- Category: Copper Alloys → pure-copper
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/copper-c110 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/copper-c110)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 220–345 MPa (temper) |
| Yield strength | 70–320 MPa (temper) |
| Hardness | 40–95 HRF |
| Density | 8.94 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |

## When to choose it

When conductivity is everything: nothing affordable carries current or heat better. For contact surfaces specify tin or nickel plating to stop tarnish from degrading performance.

## When to look elsewhere

Soft, gummy machining makes fine detail expensive — if the part has intricate features and 93% IACS suffices, tellurium copper C145 machines ~3× faster; for structure, brass or aluminum.

## Typical applications

- Busbars and high-current terminals
- Heat spreaders and vapor-chamber bases
- RF cavities and waveguide internals
- EDM electrodes and welding tips

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/nickel-plating)
- [Tin Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/tin-plating)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: energy, ai-hardware, semiconductors, research · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Brass C260 (Cartridge Brass)

> The forming brass: stronger and lower-lead than C360, with the classic warm brass look.

- Category: Copper Alloys → brass
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/brass-c260 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/brass-c260)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~370 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~250 MPa (temper dependent) |
| Hardness | ~55 HRB |
| Density | 8.53 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |

## When to choose it

Pick C260 over C360 when the part is formed as well as machined, when lead content is a concern, or when ductility and a flawless polished finish matter more than cycle time.

## When to look elsewhere

For high-volume turned parts C360 machines meaningfully faster and cheaper. Avoid ammonia environments — like all 70/30 brass, C260 is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking there.

## Typical applications

- Electrical terminals and connector bodies
- Decorative hardware and trim
- Deep-drawn and formed components

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/nickel-plating)
- [Tin Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/tin-plating)
- [Hard Chrome Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chrome-plating)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: consumer-electronics, automotive, industrial-automation · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Brass C360 (Free-Machining)

> The machinability benchmark itself: fastest cycle times in the shop, naturally low-friction.

- Category: Copper Alloys → brass
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/brass-c360 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/brass-c360)
- Price index: $$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 385 MPa |
| Yield strength | 310 MPa |
| Hardness | 78 HRB |
| Density | 8.50 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★★ (5/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |

## When to choose it

Wherever machining dominates cost — small complex turned parts at volume — and where its bearing behavior, conductivity (~26% IACS) or golden as-machined finish earn their keep.

## When to look elsewhere

The ~3% lead bars it from potable-water and lead-restricted assemblies (specify lead-free C69300 instead), and modest strength rules out loaded structural parts.

## Typical applications

- Valve and fluid fittings (non-potable)
- Electrical contacts and terminals
- Bushings and thrust washers
- High-volume Swiss-turned small parts

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/nickel-plating)
- [Tin Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/tin-plating)
- [Hard Chrome Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chrome-plating)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: industrial-automation, consumer-electronics, automotive, robotics · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Phosphor Bronze C510

> The spring bronze: fatigue resistance and low-friction wear for contacts and bushings.

- Category: Copper Alloys → bronze
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/phosphor-bronze-c510 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/phosphor-bronze-c510)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~470 MPa (H02) |
| Yield strength | ~345 MPa (temper dependent) |
| Hardness | ~80 HRB |
| Density | 8.86 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

When a copper alloy must flex and survive: tin-phosphorus chemistry gives the best fatigue endurance of the common coppers, plus good conductivity and corrosion behavior for electrical springs.

## When to look elsewhere

Costlier and slower-machining than brass — for static turned parts C360 is the economical pick; for maximum conductivity, C110; for heavy bearing loads, consider aluminum bronze instead.

## Typical applications

- Spring contacts and connector blades
- Bushings and sliding wear parts
- Instrument springs and diaphragms

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/nickel-plating)
- [Tin Plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/tin-plating)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: consumer-electronics, industrial-automation, energy · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Magnesium AZ31B

> The featherweight: 35% lighter than aluminum, machines beautifully, demands fire-aware handling.

- Category: Specialty Metals → magnesium
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/magnesium-az31b (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/magnesium-az31b)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~260 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~170–200 MPa |
| Hardness | ~49 HRB |
| Density | 1.77 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★★ (5/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★☆☆☆☆ (1/5) |

## When to choose it

When every gram counts and aluminum is still too heavy: best stiffness-to-weight for thin-walled housings, natural vibration damping, and higher cutting speeds than 6061. Note: fine chips are flammable — we machine it under controlled, fire-safe procedures.

## When to look elsewhere

Bare magnesium corrodes fast, especially in galvanic contact with steel or in salt — always coat, isolate fasteners, and keep it away from marine service. Strength also trails 6061-T6.

## Typical applications

- Drone and UAV structural parts
- Portable electronics chassis
- Automotive lightweighting components
- Vibration-damping instrument housings

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: drones, consumer-electronics, automotive · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Invar 36

> The dimensional anchor: ~1.2 ppm/K expansion for parts that must not move with temperature.

- Category: Specialty Metals → nickel-iron
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/invar-36 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/invar-36)
- Price index: $$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~485 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~240 MPa |
| Hardness | ~130–160 HB |
| Density | 8.05 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |

## When to choose it

When thermal drift is the enemy: optical cavities, metrology references and bonded composite tooling that must hold microns across temperature swings. Nothing common comes close to ~1.2 ppm/K.

## When to look elsewhere

Expensive, heavy, gummy to machine (work-hardens like stainless) and only mildly corrosion-resistant — never a structural or general-purpose pick. If the part sees one temperature, MIC-6 or 316L is far cheaper.

## Typical applications

- Optical mounts and laser benches
- Metrology frames and reference fixtures
- Composite layup tooling for aerospace
- Cryogenic and satellite instrument structures

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Electroless Nickel Plating (ENP)](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: optics-photonics, research, aerospace, semiconductors · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# ABS

> The prototype plastic: tough, light, cheap — and it glues and paints like nothing else.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → commodity
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/abs (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/abs)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 40 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~40 MPa |
| Hardness | R105 (Rockwell) |
| Density | 1.05 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |

## When to choose it

You need an economical, impact-tolerant prototype or enclosure that will be painted, silk-screened or solvent-bonded — ABS accepts all three better than POM or HDPE.

## When to look elsewhere

The part sees sunlight, solvents or service above ~80 °C, or needs precision running fits — step to polycarbonate for toughness outdoors (painted) or POM for precision.

## Typical applications

- Enclosure prototypes before injection molding
- Painted appearance models and housings
- Interior covers and brackets for equipment
- Bonded multi-part assemblies

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Bead Blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Silk Screening](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/silk-screening)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: consumer-electronics, robotics, industrial-automation, automotive · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Polycarbonate (PC)

> Transparent armor: machine guards, viewports and light guides that survive real impacts.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → commodity
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/polycarbonate (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/polycarbonate)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 66 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~62 MPa |
| Hardness | R118 (Rockwell) |
| Density | 1.20 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |

## When to choose it

Impact resistance governs and the part must stay transparent — PC bends and survives where acrylic shatters, and it takes vapor or mechanical polishing to optical clarity.

## When to look elsewhere

Scratch resistance or maximum optical clarity matters more than impact (choose PMMA), or the part sees solvents and sustained stress — PC is prone to stress cracking.

## Typical applications

- Machine guards and safety windows
- Camera and sensor viewports
- Light guides and instrument covers
- Electrical insulators where visibility matters

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Wet Painting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/wet-painting)
- [Silk Screening](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/silk-screening)

Industries: industrial-automation, medical-devices, drones, consumer-electronics · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Nylon PA6

> The impact-and-abrasion eater: wear strips, rollers and guards that refuse to break.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → commodity
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/nylon-pa6 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/nylon-pa6)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 79 MPa (dry) |
| Yield strength | ~79 MPa (dry) |
| Hardness | R119 (Rockwell, dry) |
| Density | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

The part lives in an abrasive, shock-loaded environment — conveyors, guides, impact gears — where PA6 toughness outlasts the precision POM cannot keep anyway.

## When to look elsewhere

Dimensions must hold in variable humidity: PA6 absorbs up to ~3% water and swells ~0.3%, enough to bind precision fits. For stable running fits, specify POM instead.

## Typical applications

- Wear pads and slide strips
- Conveyor rollers and sheaves
- Impact-loaded gears and sprockets
- Machine guard and rigging components

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: industrial-automation, automotive, robotics · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Nylon PA66

> PA6 upgraded: higher stiffness and service temperature for gears and insulators that run hot.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → commodity
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/nylon-pa66 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/nylon-pa66)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 83 MPa (dry) |
| Yield strength | ~83 MPa (dry) |
| Hardness | R120 (Rockwell, dry) |
| Density | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

You like PA6 but need a bit more stiffness, hardness and service temperature — PA66 holds gear teeth and threads crisper and runs hotter for a negligible price difference.

## When to look elsewhere

Moisture-driven swelling is the concern: PA66 absorbs slightly less water than PA6 but still far too much for precision fits — that problem is solved by POM, not by switching nylons.

## Typical applications

- Gears and cams running near 100 °C
- Electrical insulating blocks and spacers
- Bushings and thrust washers under load
- Automotive under-hood brackets

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: automotive, industrial-automation, energy · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# POM (Delrin / Acetal)

> The machinist's favorite: stiff, slippery, stable — plastic parts with metal-like precision.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → commodity
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/pom-delrin (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/pom-delrin)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 70 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~70 MPa |
| Hardness | M89 (Rockwell) |
| Density | 1.41 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★★ (5/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |

## When to choose it

The part should be plastic but needs metal-like precision: POM machines crisply, holds ±0.02 mm routinely and shrugs off humidity that swells nylon. The default for gears and fixtures.

## When to look elsewhere

The assembly relies on adhesives or paint (POM low surface energy repels both — use ABS), or service exceeds ~90 °C continuous — step up to PPS or PEEK for heat.

## Typical applications

- Precision gears, sprockets and cams
- Bushings and dry-running bearings
- Test fixtures, jigs and robot gripper jaws
- Food machinery contact parts (FDA grades)

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: robotics, industrial-automation, automotive, medical-devices · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# HDPE

> The budget chemical-duty plastic: food-safe, nearly unbreakable, and the cheapest stock in the shop.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → commodity
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/hdpe (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/hdpe)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 26 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~26 MPa |
| Hardness | Shore D64 |
| Density | 0.95 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

You need cheap, chemically inert, food-safe material and tolerances are relaxed — liners, gaskets, spacers and tank parts where HDPE costs a fraction of POM.

## When to look elsewhere

Precision or stiffness matters: HDPE is soft, deflects under clamping (we fixture gently and accept wider tolerances) and creeps under sustained load — POM is the rigid alternative.

## Typical applications

- Food-contact cutting boards and spacers
- Chemical tank fittings and liners
- Wear-resistant chute and guide liners
- Outdoor and marine deck hardware

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)

Industries: industrial-automation, marine, energy · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Acrylic (PMMA)

> The optical plastic: 92% light transmission, scratch-resistant, polishes to a glass-clear finish.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → commodity
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/acrylic-pmma (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/acrylic-pmma)
- Price index: $ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 70 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~70 MPa |
| Hardness | M93 (Rockwell) |
| Density | 1.19 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |

## When to choose it

Optics and appearance govern: PMMA transmits 92% of light (vs 88% for PC), resists scratching far better, and machine- or flame-polishes to true transparency at lower cost.

## When to look elsewhere

The part can be struck or dropped: PMMA is brittle and shatters where polycarbonate bends. For guards and impact covers, machine PC and accept the polishing premium.

## Typical applications

- Optical viewports and instrument windows
- Light pipes and laser-path components
- Display stands and demonstration covers
- Microfluidic and lab device prototypes

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Polishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/polishing)
- [Silk Screening](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/silk-screening)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: optics-photonics, consumer-electronics, research, medical-devices · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# PEEK

> The polymer that replaces metal: 250 °C service, chemical immunity, implant-grade options.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → high-performance
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/peek (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/peek)
- Price index: $$$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 100 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~100 MPa |
| Hardness | M99 (Rockwell) |
| Density | 1.30 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★★ (5/5) |

## When to choose it

The environment eliminates everything cheaper: above ~150 °C continuous, aggressive chemicals, repeated sterilization, vacuum/outgassing limits or implantation. Nothing else machinable survives all five.

## When to look elsewhere

The part lives at room temperature in air — POM does the job at a fraction of the cost. If 170 °C and sterilizability are enough, PEI (Ultem) delivers most of PEEK for far less.

## Typical applications

- Semiconductor wafer-handling components
- Down-hole oil & gas seals and bushings
- Implant trials and surgical components (implant grade)
- Aerospace brackets and high-temp insulators

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Vibratory Tumbling](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: medical-devices, semiconductors, oil-and-gas, aerospace · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# PTFE (Teflon)

> The slipperiest solid known: seals and insulators immune to chemistry and heat alike.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → high-performance
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/ptfe (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/ptfe)
- Price index: $$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 25–28 MPa |
| Yield strength | — (cold flow; design for creep) |
| Hardness | Shore D55 |
| Density | 2.17 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★★ (5/5) |

## When to choose it

Friction, chemical immunity or dielectric strength is the entire point — sealing faces, insulators and labware from −200 to +260 °C where no other polymer is inert enough.

## When to look elsewhere

The part carries sustained load or tight tolerances: PTFE creeps (cold flow) and ±0.05 mm is honest precision. Back seals with metal, use filled grades, or switch to PEEK for structure.

## Typical applications

- Valve seats and chemical-duty seals
- High-voltage and RF insulators
- Semiconductor fluid-handling and labware parts
- Cryogenic gaskets and low-friction slide pads

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)

Industries: semiconductors, medical-devices, oil-and-gas, energy, research · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# PEI (Ultem 1000)

> The thinking engineer's high-performance pick: amber-transparent, flame-rated, autoclavable — at half the PEEK price.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → high-performance
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/pei-ultem (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/pei-ultem)
- Price index: $$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 110 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~105 MPa |
| Hardness | M109 (Rockwell) |
| Density | 1.27 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

You priced PEEK and flinched: PEI gives 170 °C continuous service, inherent flame resistance, repeated autoclaving and the highest strength of the amber polymers at roughly half the cost.

## When to look elsewhere

Service exceeds ~170 °C, chlorinated solvents are present, or impact toughness matters — PEI is notch-sensitive. Step to PEEK for chemistry and heat, PPSU for impact plus sterilization.

## Typical applications

- Reusable, steam-sterilizable medical device parts
- Aircraft interior components (FST-rated)
- Optical and sensor mounts with low outgassing
- High-temp electrical and semiconductor insulators

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: medical-devices, aerospace, optics-photonics, semiconductors · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# PPS

> The precision high-temp polymer: near-zero moisture uptake, broad chemical resistance, 200 °C service.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → high-performance
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/pps (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/pps)
- Price index: $$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 90 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~90 MPa |
| Hardness | R123 (Rockwell) |
| Density | 1.35 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★★ (5/5) |

## When to choose it

You need PEEK-like chemical resistance and 200 °C stability but the budget says no: PPS absorbs almost no moisture, holds precision dimensions hot, and costs meaningfully less.

## When to look elsewhere

The part takes impact or flexure — PPS is comparatively brittle and notch-sensitive. For shock-loaded parts choose PPSU or nylon; above ~220 °C, only PEEK remains.

## Typical applications

- Chemical pump housings and impeller parts
- High-temperature electrical connectors and insulators
- Precision fixtures for hot process environments
- Under-hood automotive sensor bodies

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: automotive, energy, industrial-automation, semiconductors · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# PPSU (Radel)

> The sterilization survivor: tough where PEI is brittle, repeatable through thousands of steam cycles.

- Category: Engineering Plastics → high-performance
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/ppsu (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/ppsu)
- Price index: $$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 70 MPa |
| Yield strength | ~70 MPa |
| Hardness | ~R120 (Rockwell) |
| Density | 1.29 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★★☆☆ (3/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

The part lives in the autoclave: PPSU endures thousands of 134 °C steam cycles without crazing and keeps the impact toughness PEI loses — the default for reusable instrument housings.

## When to look elsewhere

Maximum stiffness or strength per dollar is the goal — PEI is stronger and cheaper if impact and unlimited autoclaving are not required; PC suffices for single-sterilization disposables.

## Typical applications

- Surgical instrument handles and sterilization trays
- Reusable medical device housings
- Dental and lab equipment components
- Hot-water and steam fluid-handling parts

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)
- [Laser Marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

Industries: medical-devices, aerospace, research · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# G10/FR4 Glass Epoxy

> The insulator that carries load: glass-epoxy laminate with metal-adjacent strength and full dielectric duty.

- Category: Composites → laminates
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/g10-fr4 (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/g10-fr4)
- Price index: $$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 310 MPa (lengthwise) |
| Yield strength | — (anisotropic) |
| Hardness | M110 (Rockwell) |
| Density | ~1.8 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

You need an insulator that is also a structural part: G10/FR4 carries bolt loads and bending that would crush unfilled plastics, while staying dielectric, dimensionally stable and flame-rated (FR4).

## When to look elsewhere

Cost-per-feature matters: glass fibers chew carbide tooling and demand dust extraction, raising machining cost. For non-electrical fixtures, POM or aluminum machine far cheaper.

## Typical applications

- Electrical insulating plates and busbar supports
- PCB test fixtures and bed-of-nails plates
- Structural spacers in battery and energy systems
- Cryogenic and vacuum fixture components

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)

Industries: energy, semiconductors, research · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote


---

# Carbon Fiber Sheet

> Stiffness nothing else matches per gram: profile-cut plates for frames, arms and optical platforms.

- Category: Composites → carbon-fiber
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/materials/carbon-fiber-sheet (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/materials/carbon-fiber-sheet)
- Price index: $$$$ (1–5, 6061-T6 = $)

## Mechanical properties (typical values, not certified minimums)

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ~600 MPa (quasi-isotropic) |
| Yield strength | — (anisotropic) |
| Hardness | — (laminate) |
| Density | ~1.55 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | ★★☆☆☆ (2/5) |
| Corrosion resistance | ★★★★☆ (4/5) |

## When to choose it

The design is flat-plate geometry where stiffness per gram decides the product — drone frames, robot arms, optical platforms. Quasi-isotropic layups give predictable in-plane behavior.

## When to look elsewhere

The part needs true 3D features, threads or aluminum contact: laminates delaminate at threads and milled pockets, dust requires extraction, and bare contact with aluminum invites galvanic corrosion — isolate fasteners.

## Typical applications

- Drone frames, arms and gimbal plates
- Lightweight robot arm and end-effector plates
- Optical breadboards and instrument platforms
- Motorsport and aerospace brackets

## Compatible surface finishes

- [As-Machined](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/as-machined)

Industries: drones, robotics, optics-photonics, aerospace · Instant quote: https://fabvector.com/quote



========================================================================
# SECTION: FINISHES
========================================================================


---

# As-Machined

> The baseline finish: straight off the machine, fastest and cheapest.

- Process group: As-Machined
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/as-machined (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/as-machined)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | No coating — surface is the bare machined material at Ra 1.6–3.2 µm default (finer on request). |
| Tolerance impact | None — this is the reference state. All drawing dimensions and tolerances apply directly to the delivered surface. |
| Corrosion rating | Depends entirely on the base material — from hours for bare carbon steel to inherent resistance for stainless, titanium and plastics. |
| Appearance | Bare metal or plastic with visible, slightly directional tool marks; milled and turned features read differently. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum, stainless-steel, steel, titanium, copper-alloys, specialty-metals, plastics, composites |

## Not suitable for

Bare carbon and alloy steels in humid or outdoor service (they rust within days without protection); cosmetic consumer-facing surfaces where tool marks are objectionable; food, medical or marine stainless applications that require passivation to remove embedded free iron.

## Typical applications

- Internal structural components and brackets
- Mating and datum surfaces where added thickness is unacceptable
- Cost-sensitive prototypes and fit checks
- Parts that will be finished later in your own process


---

# Anodizing Type II (Clear)

> The standard aluminum finish: hard, clear oxide that keeps the metallic look.

- Process group: Anodizing
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/anodizing-type-ii (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 8–25 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Grows ~50% of coating thickness per surface (a 12 µm coat adds ~6 µm per face, ~12 µm on a diameter); we machine pre-finish dimensions to compensate when the finish is on the quote. Threads and precision bores can be masked instead. |
| Corrosion rating | 336 h salt spray (ASTM B117, per MIL-A-8625 Type II). |
| Appearance | Satin silver-gray that preserves the metallic look; texture follows the surface beneath — bead blast first for a uniform premium matte. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum |

## Not suitable for

Surfaces that must remain electrically conductive (the oxide is an insulator — mask grounding points or use chromate conversion); non-aluminum metals; assemblies mixing alloys where exact color match matters (alloy chemistry shifts the tone).

## Typical applications

- General corrosion protection on aluminum housings and structures
- Heat sinks and thermal components (thin oxide, minimal thermal penalty)
- Robot and drone structural parts
- Marine-exposed aluminum hardware


---

# Anodizing Type II (Dyed)

> Color that cannot peel: dye locked inside the part’s own oxide layer.

- Process group: Anodizing
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 8–25 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Same as clear Type II: grows ~50% of coating thickness per surface; we machine pre-finish dimensions to compensate. Specify the finish at quote time so compensation enters the program. |
| Corrosion rating | 336 h salt spray (ASTM B117, per MIL-A-8625 Type II). |
| Appearance | Saturated black, red, blue, gold or custom tones; 6063 gives the clearest colors, 7075 trends warmer. Bead blasting first yields the premium consumer-electronics matte. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum |

## Not suitable for

Exact color matching across different alloys in one assembly (tones shift visibly); surfaces requiring electrical conductivity; prolonged direct UV exposure for reds and golds (organic dyes fade — black and clear are the UV-stable choices).

## Conditional compatibility

- **aluminum-2024**: Copper-rich alloy dyes unevenly and corrodes faster at pores; clear Type II or chromate preferred.
- **aluminum-mic-6**: Cast porosity yields mottled color; functional clear coats only.

## Typical applications

- Consumer electronics housings and bezels
- Color-coded assemblies and tooling
- Black optical components (stray-light control)
- Branded visible parts on machines and devices


---

# Hardcoat Anodizing Type III

> Wear armor for aluminum: an oxide layer as hard as tool steel.

- Process group: Anodizing
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 25–75 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Grows ~50% of coating thickness per surface — at 50 µm that is ~25 µm per face, ~50 µm on a diameter. Pre-finish compensation is mandatory; tolerances tighter than ±0.01 mm post-coat may need grind-after-coat. Threads are normally masked. |
| Corrosion rating | 1,000+ h salt spray typical when sealed — well beyond the 336 h MIL-A-8625 requires for sealed Type III coatings. |
| Appearance | Matte gray to bronze-black depending on alloy and thickness; dye options limited and muted — this is an engineering finish, not a cosmetic one. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum |

## Not suitable for

Thin-walled parts with sharp corners (coating stress causes micro-cracking at edges); surfaces that must remain electrically conductive afterwards; fits with less than 25 µm of clearance that were not pre-compensated for coating growth; decorative parts expecting vivid color.

## Conditional compatibility

- **aluminum-2024**: High-copper alloy degrades hardcoat quality — coating is softer, less uniform and prone to burning; review with engineering before specifying.

## Typical applications

- Pneumatic and hydraulic cylinder bores
- Slides, guide rails and cam tracks
- Robot joint wear surfaces
- Defense and firearm components


---

# Zinc Plating

> The economy rust-stopper: sacrificial zinc keeps protecting even when scratched.

- Process group: Plating
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/zinc-plating (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/zinc-plating)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 5–25 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Adds roughly the coating thickness per surface, but unevenly — electroplating builds thicker at edges and points. Mask or post-tap toleranced threads; for external threads the plating consumes pitch-diameter allowance (specify 6g/6h accordingly). |
| Corrosion rating | 96–200 h salt spray with chromate seal (ASTM B633); protection is sacrificial, so scratches stay protected. |
| Appearance | Bright blue-white (clear trivalent chromate) or iridescent yellow; the familiar look of commercial fasteners. |
| Applicable substrates | steel |

## Not suitable for

Hardened steels above ~32 HRC without a post-plate hydrogen-embrittlement bake (we schedule the 190–220 °C bake automatically — flag heat treatment); marine or chemically aggressive service (upgrade to electroless nickel or powder coat); food-contact and high-temperature (>120 °C continuous) surfaces.

## Conditional compatibility

- **alloy-steel-4340**: Hydrogen embrittlement risk on this high-strength steel — mandatory post-plate bake within 4 hours of plating.

## Typical applications

- Brackets, plates and frames in general atmosphere
- Fasteners and commodity hardware
- Automotive underbody components
- Cost-driven corrosion protection at volume


---

# Nickel Plating (Electrolytic)

> Bright, polishable nickel for decorative protection and contact underlayers.

- Process group: Plating
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/nickel-plating (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/nickel-plating)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 5–50 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Uneven build-up: current density concentrates at edges and corners and starves recesses — thickness can vary 3:1 across one part. Avoid on toleranced fits and bores; use electroless nickel where uniformity matters. |
| Corrosion rating | 96–500 h salt spray depending on thickness and underlayers; barrier protection only — scratches expose the substrate. |
| Appearance | Bright silver with a faint warm yellow cast; can be buffed to near-mirror. |
| Applicable substrates | steel, copper-alloys |

## Not suitable for

Precision toleranced features and deep bores (uneven deposition — choose electroless nickel); skin-contact consumer products in some markets (nickel allergy regulations, e.g. EU REACH); hardened steels without post-plate hydrogen-embrittlement bake.

## Typical applications

- Decorative-protective finish on steel and brass hardware
- Underlayer for chrome or tin on electrical contacts
- Wear and tarnish protection on copper bus parts


---

# Electroless Nickel Plating (ENP)

> Plating without electricity: dead-uniform thickness everywhere, bores and threads included.

- Process group: Plating
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 8–50 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Deposits uniformly within ±10% of nominal thickness across any geometry — deep bores and threads receive the same coat as outer faces. We machine compensated dimensions and reliably land final size even on IT7 / ±0.01 mm features. |
| Corrosion rating | 500–1,000 h salt spray (high-phosphorus grades, ASTM B733). |
| Appearance | Uniform satin silver, slightly warmer than electrolytic nickel; follows the underlying texture. |
| Applicable substrates | steel, aluminum, copper-alloys, invar-36 |

## Not suitable for

Extreme-abrasion or very thick builds above ~75 µm (hard chrome keeps the edge there); surfaces later welded (nickel-phosphorus contaminates welds); zinc die castings and magnesium without special pretreatment; budgets where commodity zinc is sufficient.

## Typical applications

- Hydraulic spools and valve components
- Mold cores and cavity inserts
- Aluminum parts needing a hard, solderable wear surface
- Precision fits and internal bores that electroplating cannot coat evenly


---

# Hard Chrome Plating

> The hardest plated surface in the shop: ~65 HRC chrome for sliding and abrasive service.

- Process group: Plating
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/chrome-plating (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/chrome-plating)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 20–250 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Significant, uneven build-up — standard practice is to plate oversize and grind back to final dimension after plating. Plan a grind-after-plate step for any toleranced diameter; we include it in routing when chrome is quoted. |
| Corrosion rating | Good with adequate thickness — the micro-cracked deposit needs >50 µm (or a nickel underlayer) for reliable barrier protection. |
| Appearance | Bright mirror chrome; ground surfaces show a fine uniform luster. |
| Applicable substrates | steel, stainless-steel, copper-alloys |

## Not suitable for

Deep internal bores with high depth-to-diameter ratio (poor current distribution leaves thin or bare zones — use electroless nickel); hydrogen-embrittlement-sensitive high-strength steels without a post-plate bake; designs that could use ENP instead (chrome carries a hexavalent-chemistry environmental burden and longer lead time).

## Conditional compatibility

- **alloy-steel-4340**: Hydrogen embrittlement risk — mandatory post-plate bake.

## Typical applications

- Hydraulic and pneumatic rod surfaces
- Mold and die wear faces
- Shaft journal repair and re-sizing


---

# Tin Plating

> The solder-friendly finish: tin for bus bars, terminals and food-contact hardware.

- Process group: Plating
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/tin-plating (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/tin-plating)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 5–20 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Adds roughly the coating thickness per surface with typical electroplate edge build-up; thin enough to ignore on most non-precision hardware, but mask press-fit and toleranced features. |
| Corrosion rating | Moderate — primarily prevents oxidation and preserves solderability rather than providing structural corrosion protection. |
| Appearance | Matte gray-white or bright silvery tin. |
| Applicable substrates | copper-alloys, steel |

## Not suitable for

Fine-pitch electronics where tin whiskers can short circuits (pure bright tin is the worst offender — specify matte tin or ask about whisker mitigation); high-temperature joints above ~150 °C (tin softens and creeps); wear surfaces (tin is soft and smears under load).

## Typical applications

- Copper bus bars and power connection faces
- Electronic terminals and solderable contacts
- Food-equipment hardware needing a non-toxic plated surface


---

# Passivation

> Chemical hygiene for stainless: strips embedded iron so the steel can be as stainless as advertised.

- Process group: Chemical Treatments
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/passivation (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/passivation)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | No coating — a sub-0.1 µm passive chromium-oxide layer is chemically rebuilt; embedded free iron is dissolved. |
| Tolerance impact | No dimensional change — all drawing tolerances apply unchanged. Safe on finished precision features, threads and sealing faces. |
| Corrosion rating | Restores the alloy’s intrinsic corrosion resistance (verified per ASTM A967 copper-sulfate or salt-spray test); adds nothing beyond it. |
| Appearance | No visible change — the part simply arrives cleaner. |
| Applicable substrates | stainless-steel, titanium |

## Not suitable for

Carbon and alloy steels (the chemistry does nothing for them — they need plating or coating); rescuing an under-specified alloy (passivated 304 still fails in chloride service where 316L is required); parts needing measurable smoothing or brightening (that is electropolishing).

## Typical applications

- Medical and surgical components (specified by default)
- Food and beverage contact parts
- Marine stainless hardware
- Aerospace fasteners and fittings


---

# Black Oxide

> Black with zero dimensional change: the gauge-and-tool finish for precision steel.

- Process group: Chemical Treatments
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/black-oxide (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/black-oxide)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 1–2 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Negligible (<2 µm) — a gauge pin measured before black oxide measures the same after. Safe on finished precision features without compensation. |
| Corrosion rating | 24–96 h salt spray with oil or wax seal — mild, indoor-grade protection only. |
| Appearance | Satin black with low glare; preserves the underlying machined texture. |
| Applicable substrates | steel, stainless-steel |

## Not suitable for

Bare outdoor or humid service — corrosion protection is very weak (24–96 h salt spray vs 96–200 h for chromated zinc); treat it as cosmetic-plus-oil only. Not applicable to aluminum or titanium; not a wear coating (the oxide is microns thin and offers no abrasion resistance).

## Typical applications

- Gauge pins, fixtures and inspection tooling
- Fasteners and dowel pins
- Optical mounts and glare-sensitive hardware
- Machine elements running in oil


---

# Chromate Conversion (Alodine / Chem Film)

> Corrosion protection that stays conductive — the EMI-grounding finish for aluminum.

- Process group: Chemical Treatments
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/chromate-conversion (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/chromate-conversion)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 0.5–4 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Negligible (<4 µm) — no compensation needed; safe on finished tolerances, threads and EMI gasket faces. |
| Corrosion rating | 168 h salt spray (MIL-DTL-5541, Class 1A). |
| Appearance | Golden-iridescent (Class 1A) or nearly colorless (Class 3); thin enough that the machined texture shows through. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum |

## Not suitable for

Wear surfaces (the film is soft and microns thin — it abrades off); decorative applications expecting uniform color (iridescence varies); long outdoor exposure without a paint topcoat; non-aluminum metals.

## Typical applications

- Avionics and electronics enclosures needing EMI grounding
- Aerospace aluminum hardware per MIL-DTL-5541
- Primer base under wet paint or powder coat


---

# Electropolishing

> Reverse plating that brightens, deburrs and passivates stainless in one step.

- Process group: Chemical Treatments
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/electropolishing (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/electropolishing)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | Removes 5–10 µm per surface (more at sharp edges, which round slightly) — a subtractive process, not a coating. |
| Tolerance impact | Subtractive: 5–10 µm per surface comes off, with extra removal at edges. Precision features need allowance in the program or masking — we handle the arithmetic when the finish is specified at quote time. |
| Corrosion rating | Exceeds chemical passivation — removes the smeared, contaminated layer entirely and leaves a chromium-enriched, fully passive surface. |
| Appearance | Brilliant bright luster; Ra typically halved (a machined 0.8 µm face lands near 0.4 µm). |
| Applicable substrates | stainless-steel, titanium |

## Not suitable for

Functional sharp edges (cutting edges, sealing lands — current density rounds them; mask or flag them); precision features without the 5–10 µm removal allowance; carbon steels and aluminum (wrong chemistry); erasing deep tool marks (for Ra ≤0.25 µm specs, mechanical polish first, then electropolish).

## Typical applications

- Pharma and food process components
- Surgical instruments and implant-adjacent parts
- Semiconductor fluid-handling parts
- Vacuum chamber internals


---

# Bead Blasting

> The uniform matte look: erases tool marks, hides fingerprints, preps perfect anodizing.

- Process group: Mechanical Finishes
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/bead-blasting (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/bead-blasting)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | No coating — removes <5 µm and leaves a uniform, non-directional matte at Ra 0.8–1.6 µm. A texture change, not a layer. |
| Tolerance impact | Practically none — removal stays under 5 µm, within almost all machining tolerances. We still mask precision bores, threads and sealing faces by default: the texture change (not the size change) can affect function there. |
| Corrosion rating | Unchanged — no coating is added, so corrosion behavior stays that of the base material. Pair with anodizing or plating for protection. |
| Appearance | Uniform, non-directional satin matte that erases machining witness and evens out milled vs turned features; fine media gives silk, coarse media a pronounced matte. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum, stainless-steel, steel, titanium, copper-alloys, magnesium-az31b, abs |

## Not suitable for

Mirror or low-roughness specs of Ra ≤0.4 µm (blasting raises roughness — that is polishing territory); unmasked sealing faces, precision bores and threads where surface texture is functional; thin delicate features that could distort under media impact.

## Typical applications

- Pre-anodize texture on consumer electronics housings
- Uniform appearance across mixed milled and turned features
- Fingerprint-hiding equipment panels
- Cleaning weld discoloration on stainless


---

# Brushed Finish

> The appliance-grade look: directional satin grain on panels, bezels and show faces.

- Process group: Mechanical Finishes
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/brushed-finish (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/brushed-finish)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | No coating — removes <10 µm and leaves a directional #4-equivalent satin grain at Ra 0.4–0.8 µm on the brushed faces. |
| Tolerance impact | Negligible on rigid parts — removal stays under 10 µm. Thin panels (<2 mm) can pick up slight bow from one-sided brushing stress; toleranced faces tighter than ±0.02 mm should be masked or verified after brushing. |
| Corrosion rating | Unchanged — corrosion behavior stays that of the base metal. On aluminum, pair with clear anodizing; on stainless, brushed #4 is a finished standalone surface. |
| Appearance | Linear satin grain that catches light along one axis — the classic look of premium appliances, audio gear and architectural stainless. Grain direction is a design decision: specify it relative to the part’s long axis or visible edge. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum, stainless-steel |

## Not suitable for

Three-dimensional curved surfaces — the grain can only run in one direction on flat or gently curved faces; pocket and recess interiors keep the machined finish (the brush cannot enter them); parts where every face must look identical (combine with bead blasting for a deliberate two-texture design instead).

## Typical applications

- Front panels and bezels
- Audio equipment faceplates
- Architectural and signage hardware
- Appliance trim and handles


---

# Polishing

> Progressive abrasives down to mirror: the finish for optics, molds and show surfaces.

- Process group: Mechanical Finishes
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/polishing (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/polishing)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | No coating — removes 5–20 µm through progressive abrasives, reaching Ra 0.05–0.4 µm mirror to near-mirror. On clear PMMA and PC it restores optical transparency to machined faces. |
| Tolerance impact | Subtractive: 5–20 µm comes off the polished faces, and hand-guided polishing slightly rounds sharp edges and can soften small details. Precision features need removal allowance or masking — flag mirror callouts at quote time so they enter the program. |
| Corrosion rating | Slightly improved — a smoother surface offers fewer crevice initiation sites, but no coating is added; corrosion behavior remains essentially that of the base material. |
| Appearance | Mirror to near-mirror brightness (Ra 0.05–0.4 µm depending on grade); on clear plastics, polished faces turn optically transparent instead of frosted-machined. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum, stainless-steel, steel, titanium, copper-alloys, invar-36, polycarbonate, acrylic-pmma |

## Not suitable for

Parts that must keep sharp functional edges — polishing rounds them (cutting edges, sealing lands, knife-edge seals); deep narrow slots and internal pockets the polishing media cannot reach; budget parts where bead blasting or as-machined already satisfies the spec (polishing is labor-intensive and priced accordingly).

## Typical applications

- Optical mold cores and cavity faces
- Medical instruments and cleanable surfaces
- Transparent PMMA / PC windows and light guides
- Premium cosmetic show faces before plating


---

# Vibratory Tumbling

> Batch deburring by the bowl-full: every edge broken, every burr gone, at volume prices.

- Process group: Mechanical Finishes
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/vibratory-tumbling (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/vibratory-tumbling)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | No coating — deburrs and radiuses edges by ~0.05 mm while removing only microns from flat faces; leaves a uniform satin sheen. |
| Tolerance impact | Minimal on faces (microns), but every edge and corner picks up a ~0.05 mm radius — that is the point of the process. Flag any edge that must stay sharp; parts tumble loose together, so delicate features can pick up contact marks (compartmented media available). |
| Corrosion rating | Unchanged — no coating is added; removing burrs and smearing slightly improves cleanability but corrosion behavior remains that of the base material. |
| Appearance | Uniform low-gloss satin with softened edges; less refined than bead blasting but consistent across the whole batch. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum, stainless-steel, steel, copper-alloys, plastics |

## Not suitable for

Large parts above ~300 mm (they exceed bowl capacity and batter the media — deburr by hand instead); sealing edges and O-ring lands that cannot tolerate the ~0.05 mm edge radius; cosmetic show faces that must stay free of random contact marks; threads finer than M3, which media can peen.

## Typical applications

- Batch deburring of small machined parts
- Hardware and fittings needing safe-to-handle edges
- Pre-plating surface uniformity at volume
- Edge-break callouts (e.g. 0.1 mm max burr) across hundreds of parts


---

# Powder Coating

> Baked-on polymer armor: any RAL color, outdoor-proof, the toughest cosmetic coating.

- Process group: Coatings & Painting
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/powder-coating (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/powder-coating)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 60–120 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Significant: surfaces grow by the full coating thickness with ±20 µm process variation — fatal for fits. We mask threads, bores and datum faces by default for toleranced features; alternatively design mating surfaces with ~0.15 mm coating allowance. Sharp edges coat thinly — radius ≥0.5 mm helps coverage. |
| Corrosion rating | 500–1,000 h salt spray with proper pretreatment (phosphate or chromate base). |
| Appearance | Any RAL color in gloss, satin, matte or textured; a continuous opaque polymer skin that fully hides the machined surface beneath. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum, stainless-steel, steel |

## Not suitable for

Unmasked precision mating faces — 100 µm of polymer in a fit causes assembly interference; internal threads (powder bridges and clogs them — mask or tap after coating); thin decorative coats of ≤60 µm (the process cannot go that thin — use wet painting); plastics and any material that cannot survive the 180–200 °C cure bake.

## Typical applications

- Machine frames and guards
- Outdoor brackets and enclosures
- Color-matched product housings mixing steel and aluminum
- High-touch industrial panels


---

# Wet Painting

> Any color, any gloss, any substrate: the flexible coat for plastics and appearance prototypes.

- Process group: Coatings & Painting
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/wet-painting (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/wet-painting)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 20–60 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Moderate: adds 20–60 µm per surface with some variation at edges and recesses. Thin enough to ignore on most cosmetic parts, but mask toleranced fits, threads and datum faces — masking is routine and cheaper than rework. |
| Corrosion rating | Moderate and paint-system dependent — two-component polyurethane and epoxy primers reach hundreds of salt-spray hours; single-coat decorative systems are cosmetic protection only. |
| Appearance | Any color matched to Pantone or RAL at any gloss level from dead matte to high gloss; soft-touch and textured options available — the finish of choice when a machined prototype must look like the molded product. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum, stainless-steel, steel, plastics, magnesium-az31b |

## Not suitable for

High-wear sliding surfaces — paint abrades and chips under repeated contact (use hardcoat, ENP or PTFE there); long outdoor structural service where powder coating outlasts it at similar cost; surfaces requiring electrical conductivity or grounding; fuel and solvent contact unless a rated paint system is specified.

## Typical applications

- Appearance prototypes matching production colors
- Plastic housings needing cosmetic coats
- Multi-color enclosures and panels
- Magnesium parts needing sealed protection


---

# PTFE Coating (Teflon)

> The slippery armor: fluoropolymer for low friction, non-stick release and chemical inertness.

- Process group: Coatings & Painting
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/ptfe-coating (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/ptfe-coating)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | 15–35 µm |
| Tolerance impact | Adds roughly the coating thickness per surface (15–35 µm) after grit-blast pretreatment, which itself slightly roughens the substrate. Mask toleranced fits or include coating allowance in the program — specify the finish at quote time. |
| Corrosion rating | Excellent — the fluoropolymer is chemically inert to nearly all acids, bases and solvents; barrier protection depends on a pinhole-free coat, so thickness class matters for immersion service. |
| Appearance | Matte black, gray or green-gray depending on the system; a uniform low-sheen industrial look that hides the machined texture. |
| Applicable substrates | steel, stainless-steel, aluminum |

## Not suitable for

Continuous service above 260 °C — PTFE degrades and releases harmful fumes beyond its rated limit; strongly abrasive environments (the soft fluoropolymer wears through quickly — use hard chrome or hardcoat); high contact-pressure bearing surfaces where the coating cold-flows; surfaces that must later be painted or bonded (nothing sticks to it — that is the point).

## Typical applications

- Low-friction slides and guide surfaces
- Non-stick mold and tooling release faces
- Chemical process hardware exposed to aggressive media
- Food machinery contact parts (FDA-rated systems)


---

# Laser Marking

> Permanent identification with zero dimensional change: serials, logos and codes burned in, not stuck on.

- Process group: Marking
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/laser-marking (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/laser-marking)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | No added material — the laser alters the surface to <50 µm depth (annealing, engraving or layer ablation). On anodized parts the mark exposes bright base metal through the dyed oxide. |
| Tolerance impact | None on dimensions — marking depth is tens of microns at most and annealing marks add nothing. Safe on finished precision parts; only avoid marking directly on sealing or bearing surfaces. |
| Corrosion rating | Essentially unchanged — annealing marks on stainless preserve the passive layer; deep engraving on coated parts locally exposes substrate (specify mark type for corrosive service). |
| Appearance | High-contrast dark-on-light or light-on-dark graphics: black annealing on stainless and titanium, bright metal through black anodize, dark marks on most plastics. Resolution supports logos, scales, QR/Data Matrix and UDI codes. |
| Applicable substrates | aluminum, stainless-steel, steel, titanium, copper-alloys, specialty-metals, plastics |

## Not suitable for

Transparent plastics where contrast is poor — PMMA and PC need special parameters or are better silk-screened; mirror-polished cosmetic faces where any surface alteration is objectionable; marks requiring multiple colors (laser gives one tone — use silk screening); very heat-sensitive thin sections where local heat input could distort.

## Conditional compatibility

- **acrylic-pmma**: Limited contrast on transparent material — marks read frosted-white at best; silk screening preferred for legible graphics.
- **polycarbonate**: Limited contrast on transparent material — special parameters required; silk screening preferred for legible graphics.

## Typical applications

- Serial numbers and traceability codes
- UDI marking on medical devices
- Brand logos on visible product parts
- Panel scales, legends and datum labels


---

# Silk Screening

> The multi-color marking: inked legends and logos where laser’s single tone is not enough.

- Process group: Marking
- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/finishes/silk-screening (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/finishes/silk-screening)

## Specifications

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Coating thickness | Ink layer of 5–15 µm printed onto the surface — no substrate alteration; dimensions are unaffected. |
| Tolerance impact | None — the ink film is microns thin and sits only on designated graphic areas; all drawing tolerances apply unchanged. |
| Corrosion rating | Does not change substrate protection; the ink itself has moderate durability — abrasion and aggressive solvents wear printed legends over time (clear-coat option extends life). |
| Appearance | Crisp multi-color graphics in matched Pantone inks — white on black housings, color-coded scales, multi-color logos; applied after painting or anodizing as the final step. |
| Applicable substrates | plastics, aluminum |

## Not suitable for

High-wear faces — printed ink abrades off under repeated handling or sliding contact (use laser marking for permanent identification there); complex curved surfaces — the screen needs flat or single-curvature faces (pad printing or laser handle 3D forms); applications demanding lifetime traceability where ink loss is unacceptable.

## Typical applications

- Control panel scales and legends
- Key and button icons on device housings
- Multi-color logos on plastic enclosures
- Warning and certification markings



========================================================================
# SECTION: INDUSTRIES
========================================================================


---

# CNC Machining for Robotics

> From humanoid joints to AMR frames: precision parts at iteration speed for robot builders.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/robotics (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/robotics)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

A robotics BOM routinely carries 50–200 custom machined parts — and a design that changes monthly, so slow quoting costs more time than machining itself. Joint housings demand 0.01–0.02 mm concentricity on harmonic drive interfaces, which most general shops cannot hold reliably. Volumes are awkward: 1–5 prototypes one month, a 500-piece pilot the next, and few vendors price both well. And the full machined BOM is essentially the blueprint of your robot, so IP protection has to be structural, not a promise.

## Typical parts

- Joint and actuator housings (harmonic/cycloidal interfaces)
- Structural frame plates and chassis nodes
- Motor mounts and gearbox adapters
- Sensor and encoder brackets
- End-effector fingers and tooling plates

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-7075](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-7075)
- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [stainless-steel-17-4ph](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-17-4ph)
- [pom-delrin](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/pom-delrin)

## Recommended finishes

- [hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [anodizing-type-ii-color](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [bead-blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand robotics buyers expect ISO 9001-grade process discipline — documented inspection and revision control on every order.
- **CE**: We support CE compliance at machine level by supplying parts to print with the dimensional records your technical file needs.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Drones & UAV

> Flight hardware where grams are mission time: thin-wall machining for UAV builders.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/drones (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/drones)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Drone engineering is a war on mass: every gram of structure is a gram of payload or flight time surrendered, so parts live at the edge of thin-wall manufacturability — 0.8 mm pocket walls and skeletonized motor mounts that many shops refuse or scrap. Vibration means fatigue-rated fillets and surface quality are airworthiness issues, not cosmetics. Design cycles are short and flight-test driven, so a vendor that takes two weeks to quote breaks the program cadence. Military-adjacent platforms add export-control screening that suppliers must understand before files ever move.

## Typical parts

- Motor mounts and prop adapters
- Gimbal frames and camera cages
- Folding-arm hinges and latches
- Battery trays and quick-release plates
- Antenna mounts and payload rails

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-7075](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-7075)
- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [titanium-grade-5](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/titanium-grade-5)
- [carbon-fiber-sheet](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/carbon-fiber-sheet)

## Recommended finishes

- [anodizing-type-ii-color](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [bead-blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand UAV programs expect ISO 9001-style traceability from raw stock to shipped part, even at prototype volumes.
- **ITAR / EAR**: Military UAV hardware may fall under ITAR/EAR export control — you must declare any controlled status at RFQ so files and data are handled accordingly.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Medical Devices

> Documented precision in 316L, titanium and PEEK for surgical and device programs.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/medical-devices (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/medical-devices)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Medical machining is documentation as much as precision: every 316L instrument body and PEEK component must trace back to certified mill stock through a controlled process, and a missing certificate stalls a regulatory submission. Biocompatibility means material substitutions that other industries shrug off are simply not allowed. Patient-contact surfaces routinely call for Ra 0.4 µm with electropolish or passivation per ASTM standards your quality system cites. And device programs iterate under design control, so the supplier has to deliver fast revisions without losing the paper trail.

## Typical parts

- Surgical instrument bodies, tips and handles
- Implant trials and sizing instruments
- Device enclosures and chassis for diagnostic equipment
- Fluidic manifolds for IVD systems
- PEEK radiolucent components

## Recommended materials

- [stainless-steel-316l](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-316l)
- [titanium-grade-5](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/titanium-grade-5)
- [peek](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/peek)
- [pei-ultem](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/pei-ultem)

## Recommended finishes

- [electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [laser-marking](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/laser-marking)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 13485**: We understand ISO 13485 supply chains: controlled processes, full material traceability and certificates of conformance to feed your QMS.
- **FDA 21 CFR 820**: We support purchasing controls under FDA 21 CFR 820 with documented inspection records and lot-level traceability on every shipment.
- **ISO 10993**: We support ISO 10993 biocompatibility files by machining only certified medical-grade stock with mill certs supplied per lot.
- **ANVISA RDC 665**: For Brazil-bound devices, we understand ANVISA good manufacturing practice expectations and provide the supplier documentation your registration requires.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Automotive

> Development-speed prototypes and PPAP-ready volume parts for vehicle programs.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/automotive (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/automotive)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Automotive machining spans two worlds: development, where an EV team needs five inverter housings next week and the design will change twice more, and production, where a bracket must arrive in thousands, identical and documented at a locked price. Most suppliers serve one world and fail the other. Volume programs demand SPC with Cpk ≥ 1.33, PPAP-style documentation and IMDS material declarations that prototype shops cannot produce. Meanwhile blanket-order economics punish any vendor who cannot hold unit price across a model year.

## Typical parts

- Inverter and controller housings (prototype)
- Battery module end plates and busbars
- Sensor housings and radar brackets
- Thermal management cold plates
- Validation and assembly-line fixtures

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [carbon-steel-1045](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/carbon-steel-1045)
- [alloy-steel-4140](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/alloy-steel-4140)
- [pom-delrin](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/pom-delrin)
- [copper-c110](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/copper-c110)

## Recommended finishes

- [anodizing-type-ii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [zinc-plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/zinc-plating)
- [electroless-nickel-plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)

## Certifications & standards

- **IATF 16949**: We understand IATF 16949 supplier expectations — process control, traceability and corrective-action discipline aligned with automotive quality systems.
- **PPAP**: We support PPAP submissions with dimensional reports, material certs and process documentation in the format your SQE expects.
- **ISO 9001**: We understand ISO 9001 forms the baseline for automotive purchasing audits and run documented, repeatable processes accordingly.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for AI Hardware & Edge Compute

> Thermal-critical parts for the AI buildout: cold plates, manifolds and enclosures that move heat.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/ai-hardware (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/ai-hardware)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

AI hardware is a thermodynamics problem wearing a compute costume: every watt the accelerator dissipates ends up in machined metal, and a cold plate that misses 0.05 mm flatness on the die-contact face throttles the whole node. Liquid-cooling manifolds need leak-tight passages and O-ring grooves where one porosity defect means a flooded server. Accelerator generations turn over yearly, so thermal hardware must be redesigned and requoted on silicon-launch timelines. Copper machining and ENP plating expertise is scarce exactly when the buildout needs it most.

## Typical parts

- GPU/ASIC cold plates and cooling lids
- Liquid-cooling manifolds and quick-disconnect blocks
- Inference-server chassis rails and trays
- Sealed edge-AI enclosures (enclosure-as-heatsink)
- Copper busbars and power-stage hardware

## Recommended materials

- [copper-c110](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/copper-c110)
- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [aluminum-6063](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6063)
- [aluminum-mic-6](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-mic-6)

## Recommended finishes

- [electroless-nickel-plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [anodizing-type-ii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand data-center hardware buyers require ISO 9001-level process control, with flatness and leak-test records per lot.
- **RoHS / REACH**: We support RoHS/REACH compliance with material and plating declarations for parts entering electronic assemblies.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Semiconductor Equipment

> Vacuum-grade and wafer-handling components machined with cleanliness discipline.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/semiconductors (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/semiconductors)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Semiconductor equipment is machining at its most unforgiving: on a vacuum sealing surface a single scratch is a virtual leak, and the drawing notes — cleanliness, no cross-seal tool marks, oil-free finishing — are harder than the dimensions. Wafer-handling end effectors live on 0.02–0.05 mm flatness, where a warped part is measured directly in yield. Contamination control extends to material handling itself, including Cu/Zn exclusion zones most shops have never managed. Fleets run for a decade or more, so suppliers must reproduce alpha-build parts as spares years later, from controlled revisions.

## Typical parts

- Vacuum chamber bodies, lids and flanges
- Wafer-handling end effectors and edge grips
- Stage, gantry and motion-platform hardware
- Gas-delivery manifolds and substrate blocks
- PEEK/PTFE wafer-contact components

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-mic-6](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-mic-6)
- [stainless-steel-316l](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-316l)
- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [peek](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/peek)
- [ptfe](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/ptfe)

## Recommended finishes

- [electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [anodizing-type-ii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand semiconductor OEM supplier audits start at ISO 9001 process discipline and extend into cleanliness and handling procedures.
- **EN 10204 3.1**: We support material traceability with EN 10204 3.1 mill certificates for vacuum and gas-path components where alloy chemistry matters.
- **RoHS / REACH**: We support RoHS/REACH declarations for equipment modules shipping into regulated markets.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Aerospace & Space

> Weight-disciplined structural parts with the paperwork flight programs require.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/aerospace (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/aerospace)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Aerospace machining is the discipline of margins: brackets pocketed to the FEA limit because launch mass is purchased by the kilogram, and titanium fittings where a tool mark is a fatigue initiation site. The paperwork is as load-bearing as the part — mill certs, lot traceability and AS9102-format first article inspection are entry tickets, not extras. Special processes like anodize and chem-film must follow MIL specs your prime will audit. New-space cadence compresses all of this into prototype-speed timelines that traditional aerospace suppliers were never built for.

## Typical parts

- Satellite bus brackets and skeletonized panels
- Avionics enclosures and card trays
- Antenna and star-tracker mounts
- Titanium fittings and isolation stand-offs
- Test, GSE and qualification fixtures

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-7075](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-7075)
- [aluminum-2024](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-2024)
- [titanium-grade-5](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/titanium-grade-5)
- [alloy-steel-4340](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/alloy-steel-4340)

## Recommended finishes

- [chromate-conversion](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [anodizing-type-ii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)

## Certifications & standards

- **AS9100**: We understand AS9100 supply chains and operate with the configuration control and traceability discipline your quality clauses flow down.
- **Nadcap**: We understand special processes (heat treat, surface treatment, NDT) may require Nadcap-accredited processors — flagged and routed accordingly at quoting.
- **AS9102 FAI**: We support first article inspection reporting in AS9102 format for new part numbers and revision changes.
- **EN 10204 3.1**: We support full material traceability with EN 10204 3.1 certificates linking every part to its mill lot.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Industrial Automation & Tooling

> The unglamorous precision that keeps lines running: EOAT, fixtures and machine components.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/industrial-automation (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/industrial-automation)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Automation lives or dies on the parts catalogs do not sell: the gripper finger shaped to one product, the nest fixture holding one casting, the cam plate timing one line. Integrators carry hundreds of one-off and ten-off parts per cell, every one custom and every one on the critical path to commissioning. A line-down replacement is needed in days while project parts run in weeks — and the same vendor must handle both. Drawing quality ranges from full GD&T to a napkin sketch, so the supplier needs engineering judgment, not just a spindle.

## Typical parts

- End-of-arm tooling (EOAT) plates and fingers
- Assembly and inspection nest fixtures
- Cam plates, guide rails and wear strips
- Gripper jaws and product-contact pads (POM/nylon)
- Replacement machine components from sample or drawing

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [steel-1018](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/steel-1018)
- [pom-delrin](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/pom-delrin)
- [hdpe](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/hdpe)
- [alloy-steel-4140](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/alloy-steel-4140)
- [tool-steel-d2](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/tool-steel-d2)

## Recommended finishes

- [hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [black-oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)
- [electroless-nickel-plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand machine builders need ISO 9001-grade consistency so a replacement part fits exactly like the one it replaces.
- **CE**: We support CE machinery compliance by delivering parts to print with the dimensional evidence your technical documentation requires.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Consumer Electronics

> Cosmetic-grade machining where the part surface is the brand surface.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/consumer-electronics (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/consumer-electronics)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Consumer electronics machining is judged in the hand, not on the CMM: the blasted-and-anodized texture of a unibody enclosure, the chamfer catching light around a grille, a button with zero wobble. Dimensional conformance is assumed — the acceptance criterion is cosmetic, and "no visible defect at arm's length" is tighter than any tolerance band. Anodize color must hold within ΔE limits across batches against golden samples, or assembled products look mismatched. EVT/DVT gates demand 20–200 cosmetic-grade sets on consumer-launch timelines, a volume-and-finish combination most shops cannot deliver.

## Typical parts

- Unibody enclosures and housings
- Midframes and internal chassis
- Buttons, dials, switch caps and trim
- Speaker grilles and camera surrounds
- Heat spreaders and vapor-chamber lids

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-6063](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6063)
- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [stainless-steel-304](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-304)
- [abs](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/abs)
- [polycarbonate](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/polycarbonate)

## Recommended finishes

- [anodizing-type-ii-color](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [bead-blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [brushed-finish](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/brushed-finish)
- [silk-screening](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/silk-screening)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand consumer brands audit suppliers to ISO 9001 discipline, including cosmetic inspection standards and golden-sample control.
- **RoHS / REACH**: We support RoHS/REACH compliance with substance declarations for parts and finishes entering consumer products.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Energy & Power Systems

> Current-carrying, pressure-bearing, weather-facing parts for the energy transition.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/energy (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/energy)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Energy hardware concentrates three unforgiving jobs in machined metal: carrying current, where busbar contact resistance is generated heat; containing pressure, where a hydrogen manifold leak path must simply not exist; and surviving weather for decades, from -40 °C winters to salt fog. Each failure mode writes its own drawing notes — plating specs, pressure-test documentation, environmental sealing — and a supplier who misses one creates a field failure years later. Programs scale from prototypes through pilot sites to fleet releases, demanding price and process stability across that whole arc. Material certificates for pressure-bearing parts are contractual, not optional.

## Typical parts

- Copper busbars and flexible-link terminals
- Battery module end plates and compression hardware
- Hydrogen/fuel-cell manifolds and valve bodies
- Inverter and converter housings
- Cooling plates for power electronics

## Recommended materials

- [alloy-steel-4140](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/alloy-steel-4140)
- [stainless-steel-316l](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-316l)
- [copper-c110](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/copper-c110)
- [g10-fr4](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/g10-fr4)

## Recommended finishes

- [electroless-nickel-plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [zinc-plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/zinc-plating)
- [hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand energy OEMs require ISO 9001-level process control on parts whose service life is measured in decades.
- **EN 10204 3.1**: We support EN 10204 3.1 material certificates for pressure-bearing and structural components where chemistry and heat-lot matter.
- **CE**: We support CE conformity at system level with the part documentation your declaration of conformity builds on.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Defense

> Mission hardware machined under export-control discipline, with traceability from mill lot to shipment.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/defense (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/defense)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Defense procurement adds a compliance layer most machine shops have never operated under: ITAR/EAR export control governs who may even open the CAD file, and DFARS cybersecurity clauses flow down to how quote data is stored. Surface treatments must follow MIL specs — MIL-A-8625 anodize, MIL-DTL-5541 chem-film — with paperwork a prime contractor will audit. Material traceability is absolute: every 4340 or titanium part must trace to a certified mill lot. Programs mix urgent prototype iterations with long-tail spares production, and the supplier base that handles both under control is thin.

## Typical parts

- Weapon-station structural components
- Electro-optical pod frames and housings
- Ruggedized military connector housings
- Armor attachment and mounting hardware

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-7075](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-7075)
- [alloy-steel-4340](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/alloy-steel-4340)
- [titanium-grade-5](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/titanium-grade-5)
- [stainless-steel-17-4ph](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-17-4ph)

## Recommended finishes

- [hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/hardcoat-anodizing-type-iii)
- [chromate-conversion](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/chromate-conversion)
- [black-oxide](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/black-oxide)

## Certifications & standards

- **ITAR / EAR**: We understand ITAR/EAR export-control obligations — any controlled technical data must be declared at RFQ, before files are transmitted, so handling and access restrictions apply from the first upload.
- **DFARS 252.204-7012 / CMMC**: We understand DFARS 252.204-7012 cybersecurity flow-downs and the CMMC framework governing how covered defense information must be protected.
- **AS9100**: We understand defense primes expect AS9100-grade configuration control and quality records throughout the supply chain.
- **EN 10204 3.1**: We support absolute material traceability with EN 10204 3.1 certificates on every structural alloy lot.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Optics & Photonics

> Micron-stable mounts and baseplates that hold an optical alignment for years.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/optics-photonics (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/optics-photonics)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Optical hardware fails invisibly: a mount that creeps a few microns or a baseplate that bows with the seasons puts a beam off target with no broken part to point at, so flatness, stability and stress-relieved machining matter more than any single tolerance. Thermal expansion drives material choice — MIC-6 for stability, Invar 36 where drift must approach zero — and few shops machine Invar well. Stray light makes matte black anodize an optical specification, not a cosmetic one. Vacuum and laser systems add cleanliness and low-outgassing demands, plus flatness and angle reports standard shops do not produce.

## Typical parts

- Lens mounts and cells
- Laser baseplates and optical benches
- Filter wheels and aperture hardware
- Precision kinematic adjusters and stages

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [aluminum-mic-6](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-mic-6)
- [invar-36](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/invar-36)
- [brass-c360](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/brass-c360)

## Recommended finishes

- [anodizing-type-ii-color](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii-color)
- [bead-blasting](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/bead-blasting)
- [electroless-nickel-plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand photonics buyers expect ISO 9001 process discipline plus flatness and angle inspection reports on critical optical interfaces.
- **RoHS / REACH**: We support RoHS/REACH declarations for opto-mechanical assemblies entering instruments and laser products.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Marine

> Hardware engineered for permanent salt exposure, from deck fittings to deep-water ROV frames.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/marine (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/marine)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Seawater is a relentless corrosion test: pick the wrong alloy pair and galvanic attack eats a fitting in one season, so material selection — 5083, 316L, phosphor bronze — is the first engineering decision, not an afterthought. Watertight housings live on O-ring groove tolerances and surface finish, where one bad groove floods the electronics it protects. Classification societies (DNV, ABS, CCS) require certified materials and documented processes on critical components. Vessel and offshore schedules are brutal: a part missing at dock means a ship that does not sail.

## Typical parts

- Watertight enclosures and connector housings
- Sonar and transducer mounts
- Deck hardware and rigging fittings
- ROV/AUV frames and thruster components
- Bronze bushings and shaft-line components

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-5083](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-5083)
- [stainless-steel-316l](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-316l)
- [phosphor-bronze-c510](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/phosphor-bronze-c510)
- [brass-c360](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/brass-c360)

## Recommended finishes

- [anodizing-type-ii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)
- [electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)

## Certifications & standards

- **DNV / ABS / CCS**: We understand classification-society requirements for critical marine components, including certified materials and documented process records.
- **ISO 9001**: We understand marine buyers expect ISO 9001 process discipline with corrosion-conscious material control on every order.
- **EN 10204 3.1**: We support EN 10204 3.1 material certificates plus salt-spray test documentation where the application demands it.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Oil & Gas

> Pressure-rated components machined to API expectations, with the certs to prove it.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/oil-and-gas (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/oil-and-gas)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Oil and gas parts work where failure is measured in blowouts, not warranty claims: valve internals and downhole tools see pressure, vibration and H2S-laden sour service simultaneously. NACE MR0175 turns material selection into a compliance question — hardness limits and alloy restrictions that rule out the obvious cheap choice. Every pressure-bearing part needs an EN 10204 3.1 certificate tracing it to a tested heat lot, and a missing cert can quarantine an entire shipment at the wellsite. Procurement swings between urgent rig-down replacements and planned project packages, and suppliers must serve both without compromising documentation.

## Typical parts

- Valve bodies, stems and trim components
- Downhole tool housings and subs
- Flanged connections and hub adapters
- Sensor pressure housings and instrument ports
- PEEK seals, seats and back-up rings

## Recommended materials

- [alloy-steel-4140](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/alloy-steel-4140)
- [stainless-steel-316l](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-316l)
- [stainless-steel-17-4ph](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-17-4ph)
- [peek](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/peek)

## Recommended finishes

- [ptfe-coating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/ptfe-coating)
- [electroless-nickel-plating](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electroless-nickel-plating)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)

## Certifications & standards

- **API Q1**: We understand API Q1 supply chains and the process documentation discipline oilfield equipment manufacturers flow down to machining suppliers.
- **API 6A**: We understand API 6A requirements for wellhead and christmas-tree components, including material class and PSL documentation expectations.
- **NACE MR0175**: We understand NACE MR0175 sour-service constraints — hardness limits and alloy restrictions are applied at material selection, not discovered at inspection.
- **EN 10204 3.1**: We support EN 10204 3.1 certificates on every pressure-bearing part, tracing it to a tested mill heat lot.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._


---

# CNC Machining for Research Institutions

> One-off experimental hardware machined to physics-grade specs, without production-run minimums.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/industries/research (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/industries/research)

## Sourcing pain points we solve

Research hardware is the ultimate low-volume problem: almost every part is a quantity of one, designed by a scientist rather than a production engineer, and needed before the next beamtime or funding deadline. UHV work imposes invisible specs — no silicone contact, low-outgassing materials, virtual-leak-free blind holes — that a general shop will violate without knowing it. Cryostat and beamline parts mix exotic combinations like OFHC copper thermal links with PEEK insulators in a single assembly. Procurement rules add quoting and documentation friction that most fast prototype services refuse to deal with.

## Typical parts

- UHV chamber components and flanged fittings
- Beamline fixtures and sample holders
- Cryostat parts and copper thermal links
- Custom lab jigs and experimental mounts
- PEEK/PTFE insulating components

## Recommended materials

- [aluminum-6061](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/aluminum-6061)
- [stainless-steel-316l](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/stainless-steel-316l)
- [copper-c110](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/copper-c110)
- [peek](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/peek)
- [ptfe](https://fabvector.com/md/materials/ptfe)

## Recommended finishes

- [electropolishing](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/electropolishing)
- [passivation](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/passivation)
- [anodizing-type-ii](https://fabvector.com/md/finishes/anodizing-type-ii)

## Certifications & standards

- **ISO 9001**: We understand research procurement values ISO 9001-grade documentation — for single pieces, flexibility and a clean paper trail matter more than volume systems.
- **EN 10204 3.1**: We support EN 10204 3.1 material certificates for UHV and cryogenic components where alloy purity drives outgassing and thermal behavior.

_We understand and support these requirements; certification and documentation scope is confirmed per order — we do not claim to hold certifications on this page._



========================================================================
# SECTION: SERVICES
========================================================================


---

# CNC Machining

> Milling, turning, 5-axis, Swiss-type, EDM and grinding under one roof — one upload, one accountable partner.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/cnc-machining (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/cnc-machining)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Tolerance (standard) | ISO 2768-m |
| Tolerance (precision) | ±0.005 mm |
| Max part size (milling) | 1,000 × 600 × 500 mm |
| Max part size (turning) | Ø 406 × 1,000 mm |
| Materials | 60+ metals & plastics |
| MOQ | 1 piece |

## Typical applications

- Robot joint housings and structural frames
- Drone motor mounts and gimbal components
- Medical device enclosures and surgical instrument bodies
- Heat sinks and thermal management parts


---

# CNC Milling

> 3- and 4-axis vertical machining for housings, brackets, manifolds and structural parts.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/cnc-milling (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/cnc-milling)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Axes | 3-axis + 4th-axis rotary |
| Max travel | 1,000 × 600 × 500 mm |
| Positioning accuracy | ±0.005 mm |
| Min internal corner radius | 0.5 mm (Ø1 mm tool) |
| Surface finish | Ra 0.8 µm achievable |
| Typical lead time | 3–7 business days |

## Typical applications

- Electronics enclosures and chassis
- Fluidic manifolds with cross-drilled ports
- Optical breadboards and sensor mounts
- Heat sinks with thin-fin geometry


---

# CNC Turning

> Live-tooling lathes for shafts, pins, bushings and threaded fittings up to Ø406 mm.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/cnc-turning (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/cnc-turning)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Max turning diameter | Ø406 mm |
| Max turning length | 1,000 mm |
| Diameter tolerance | ±0.003 mm |
| Live tooling | 12 stations, Y-axis |
| Thread range | M2–M48, NPT, BSPT, custom |
| Typical lead time | 3–7 business days |

## Typical applications

- Motor shafts and gear blanks
- Hydraulic and pneumatic fittings
- Bushings, spacers and standoffs
- Valve bodies and stems


---

# 5-Axis Machining

> Simultaneous 5-axis machining for impellers, freeform surfaces and compound-angle features.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/5-axis-machining (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/5-axis-machining)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Configuration | Trunnion table, simultaneous 5-axis |
| Max part envelope | Ø650 × 500 mm |
| Positioning accuracy | ±0.005 mm |
| Modes | Full simultaneous + 3+2 positional |
| Typical lead time | 5–10 business days |

## Typical applications

- Robot joint and wrist housings
- Impellers and turbomachinery blades
- Orthopedic implant prototypes
- Aerospace structural brackets


---

# Swiss-Type Machining

> Sliding-headstock lathes for small, slender, high-precision turned parts from Ø1 mm.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/swiss-machining (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/swiss-machining)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Bar capacity | Ø1–32 mm |
| Diameter tolerance | ±0.002 mm |
| L:D ratio | 20:1 routine |
| Thread capability | M1–M20, thread whirling |
| Economic batch | 100–100,000 pcs |

## Typical applications

- Medical needles, probes and bone screws
- Dowel pins and precision shafts
- Connector contacts and ferrules
- Micro motor shafts


---

# Wire EDM

> Electrical discharge wire cutting for hardened steels, sharp internal corners and zero-force profiles.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/wire-edm (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/wire-edm)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Max workpiece | 800 × 600 × 250 mm |
| Accuracy | ±0.003 mm |
| Min internal corner radius | 0.07 mm |
| Max hardness | No limit (66 HRC routine) |
| Surface finish | Ra 0.4 µm (skim passes) |
| Typical lead time | 4–8 business days |

## Typical applications

- Punches, dies and form tools
- Hardened gauges and fixtures
- Spline and keyway internal profiles
- Extrusion dies


---

# Surface Grinding

> Abrasive finishing for flatness, parallelism and tight thickness control on hardened parts.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/surface-grinding (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/surface-grinding)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Max grinding envelope | 600 × 300 × 300 mm |
| Flatness | 0.002 mm |
| Parallelism | 0.003 mm / 300 mm |
| Thickness tolerance | ±0.003 mm |
| Surface finish | Ra 0.2–0.4 µm |

## Typical applications

- Hardened die plates and bolster blocks
- Gauge blocks and inspection fixtures
- Mold base datum faces
- Spacers and shims with ±0.003 mm thickness


---

# Micro Machining

> High-speed spindles and Ø0.1 mm tooling for features below 1 mm and watch-scale parts.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/micro-machining (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/micro-machining)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Min tool diameter | Ø0.1 mm |
| Spindle speed | 60,000 rpm |
| Feature accuracy | ±0.002 mm |
| Min channel width | 0.2 mm |
| Max part size | 150 × 150 × 100 mm |

## Typical applications

- Microfluidic chips and manifolds
- Miniature optical and fiber housings
- Watch movement plates and bridges
- RF/microwave waveguide components


---

# Prototype Machining

> Functional prototypes in production-grade materials, shipped in days with DFM feedback included.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/prototype-machining (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/prototype-machining)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| MOQ | 1 piece |
| Lead time | 3 business days standard, 24 h expedite |
| Tolerance | ISO 2768-m, ±0.005 mm on request |
| DFM feedback | Automated, with every quote |
| Quote turnaround | ~60 s automated |

## Typical applications

- Design verification and fit-check parts
- Functional engineering samples under real load
- Pre-production pilot builds (5–50 pcs)
- Test fixtures and lab equipment


---

# Production Machining

> Dedicated fixturing, in-process CMM and SPC documentation for repeatable volume runs.

- HTML page: https://fabvector.com/services/production-machining (Portuguese: https://fabvector.com/pt/services/production-machining)

## Capabilities

| Spec | Value |
|---|---|
| Batch range | 50–100,000+ pcs/year |
| Process control | SPC, Cpk ≥ 1.33 on CTQs |
| Inspection | In-process CMM sampling |
| Documentation | PPAP-style, FAI per AS9102 format |
| Releases | Scheduled, blanket-order pricing |
| Material certs | Mill certs retained 7 years |

## Typical applications

- Robot actuator components at scale
- Medical device housings under design control
- Automotive sensor and bracket programs
- Annual blanket orders with monthly releases